1. A+ Guide to Software Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting THIRD EDITION Introducing and Comparing Operating Systems Chapter 1

2. 2A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition You Will Learn… What an operating system does How DOS began and how it is used today About the various Windows operating systems and the differences between them Advantages and disadvantages of common non-Windows operating systems

3. 3A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition What an Operating System Does Controls hardware components that make up a computer Acts as a middleman between applications and hardware Provides an interface that a user or application can use

4. 4A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How an OS Relates to Users, Applications, and Hardware

5. 5A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Common Operating Systems DOS Windows 9x Windows NT, Windows 2000, and Windows XP UNIX Linux OS/2 Mac OS

6. 6A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Four Main Functions of an Operating System Managing hardware Managing files Providing a user interface Managing applications

7. 7A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Operating System Functions Managing hardware  Managing the BIOS  Managing memory  Diagnosing problems with software and hardware  Interfacing between hardware and software Managing files  On hard, floppy, CD-ROM, and other drives  Creating, storing, retrieving, deleting, and moving files

8. 8A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Providing a user interface  Performing housekeeping procedures requested by users  Providing a way for a user to manage the desktop, hardware, applications, and data Managing applications  Installing and uninstalling applications  Running applications and managing the interface to hardware on behalf of an application Operating System Functions (continued)

9. 9A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Operating System Components Two main components  Shell Relates to user and applications Provides command, menu, or icon interface to user using various interface tools (e.g., Windows Explorer, Control Panel, or My Computer)  Kernel Interacts with hardware

10. 10A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Operating System Components (continued)

11. 11A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How an OS Relates to Users Command-driven interfaces  User types commands Menu-driven interfaces  User chooses from list of options Icon-driven interfaces (GUI or graphical user interface)  User selects icon (picture) on the screen

12. 12A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition A Command-Driven Interface

13. 13A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition A Menu-Driven Interface

14. 14A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition An Icon-Driven Interface

15. 15A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Terminology for Comparing OSs Thread  Process that a CPU is aware of 16-bit (real) mode 32-bit (protected) mode FAT (file allocation table) and FAT32  Tracks  Sectors  Clusters

16. 16A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Tracks, Sectors, and Clusters

17. 17A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Terminology for Comparing OSs (continued) Random access memory (RAM)  Temporary memory stored on chips inside computer  Place to store programs and data  Contents disappear when computer is off Several ports to connect different devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, printer)

18. 18A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Types of RAM Modules

19. 19A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Comparing Operating Systems What kind of user interface does it provide? How many and what kinds of applications are written to work with it? What are hardware requirements for efficient use? What computer ports and other hardware devices and features does it support? How does the OS perform in a network?

20. 20A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition DOS (Disk Operating System) First OS used by IBM microcomputers Simple and reliable Primary use today is as troubleshooting tool Used in some proprietary systems where older hardware and software are still doing the job Provides underlying OS for Windows 9x

21. 21A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition DOS (Disk Operating System) (continued)

22. 22A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition DOS (Disk Operating System) (continued)

23. 23A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Operating Systems Windows 9x Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP

24. 24A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 9x Collective term for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows Me Retains fundamental DOS core Plug and Play (PnP) Introduced 32-bit programming Backward-compatible with older software and hardware while taking advantage of new technology

25. 25A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition How Windows 9x Differs from Windows 3.x and DOS

26. 26A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition A Windows 9x Interface

27. 27A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 9x Hardware Requirements

28. 28A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows 9x

29. 29A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 98 Upgrades Windows 98 Second Edition (Windows 98 SE) Windows Millennium Edition (Windows Me)

30. 30A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 98 SE Includes:  Several patches for the first edition  Updates of existing components  Some new components Most features involve improved networking and Internet access  Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)  Support for modems that use a USB port

31. 31A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows Me Moves one step closer to phasing out Windows 9x and replacing it with Windows XP Designed for home users Focuses on enhancements to multimedia features Includes compression utility for video files and a video editor

32. 32A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT/2000/XP Designed to replace Windows 9x Versions of Windows NT and Windows 2000 are designed as server OSs  Competes with UNIX in client/server industry Windows NT and Windows 2000 can manage LAN access  Competes with Novell NetWare in LAN market

33. 33A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Goals of Windows NT/2000/XP Eliminate the DOS Core Used by Windows 9x Room to Grow Portability to Different Platforms Compatibility with Legacy Software Security Performance and Reliability Support for Hardware

34. 34A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Checking the HCL

35. 35A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Choosing Between Windows 9x and Windows NT/2000/XP In most situations, you should install Windows XP on a PC Windows 9x or Windows Me might be appropriate if:  You have legacy hardware not supported by Windows NT/2000/XP  Your PC is not powerful enough to support Windows NT/2000/XP  Your software runs better on Windows 9x than it does under Windows XP

36. 36A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Choosing Between Windows 9x and Windows NT/2000/XP (continued)

37. 37A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT First step in major evolution of Microsoft Windows terminating in Windows XP Supports multiprocessing Designed for a powerful client-server network environment Windows NT Workstation is designed to run on clients Windows NT Server is designed to run on servers

38. 38A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows NT (continued) Difficult to install and support Most organizations that used Windows NT have upgraded to Windows 2000 or Windows XP

39. 39A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows NT

40. 40A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Minimum Hardware Requirements for Windows NT Pentium-compatible processor or higher 16 MB of RAM (32 MB recommended) 125 MB of hard disk space

41. 41A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Hardware Platforms Supported by Windows NT Intel x86-based (486 or higher) processor MIPS R4x00-based processor Alpha AXP-based processor PReP-compliant PowerPC-based processor

42. 42A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 2000 Windows 2000 is a suite of operating systems, each designed for a different sized system The Windows 2000 desktop resembles that of Windows 9x and Windows NT Built on Windows NT Designed to replace Windows 9x for low-end system and Windows NT for high-end systems

43. 43A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 2000 (continued)

44. 44A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 2000 (continued) All versions have same fundamental core and execute programs in same manner  Windows 2000 Professional  Windows 2000 Server  Windows 2000 Advanced Server  Windows 2000 Datacenter Server

45. 45A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Hardware and Software Supported by Windows 2000 See the hardware compatibility list (HCL) at www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/search.mspx www.microsoft.com/whdc/hcl/search.mspx Search the list of compatible software at www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/how tobuy/upgrading/compat/search/software.asp www.microsoft.com/windows2000/server/how tobuy/upgrading/compat/search/software.asp

46. 46A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Hardware Supported by Windows 2000

47. 47A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages of Windows 2000 versus Windows NT Reliability Security Personalized Start Menu Power Use  Improved Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) features Added Notebook Computer Features

48. 48A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Personalized Start Menu

49. 49A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows 2000 Control Panel

50. 50A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Power Use

51. 51A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Added Notebook Computer Features Offline Files and Folders allows the user to work offline on network files A notebook user can connect from home to a corporate network over an Internet connection secured by encryption Power management features are enhanced and improved over those of Windows 98

52. 52A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows 2000

53. 53A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows XP Attempts to accomplish integration of Windows 9x and Windows 2000 while providing added support for digital and networking technologies

54. 54A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Versions of Windows XP Two main versions  Windows XP Home  Windows XP Professional Other Versions  Windows XP Media Center Edition  Windows XP Tablet PC Edition  Windows XP 64-bit Edition

55. 55A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Features of Windows XP New user interface Ability for two users to log on simultaneously Windows Media Player for Windows XP Windows Messenger Expanded Help Advanced security features

56. 56A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows XP Desktop

57. 57A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Features of Windows XP Professional Features for remote access  Remote desktop  Roaming user profiles Additional security features Multilingual capabilities Support for higher-performance processors

58. 58A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Minimum Requirements for Windows XP 64 MB or RAM (128 MB recommended) 1.5 GB free hard drive space (2 GB recommended) CPU that runs at least 233 MHz (300 MHz recommended)

59. 59A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Advantages and Disadvantages of Windows XP

60. 60A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Windows XP and Previous Windows OSs Windows XP is replacing all previous versions of Windows in the home market and for the corporate desktop

61. 61A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Other Operating Systems UNIX Linux OS/2 Macintosh Operating System (Mac OS)

62. 62A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition UNIX

63. 63A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Linux

64. 64A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition GUI Shell for UNIX and Linux

65. 65A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition OS/2

66. 66A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Mac OS

67. 67A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Mac OS (continued)

68. 68A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition Summary Introduction to different operating systems and what they have in common What an operating system does and how it relates to the user The evolution from DOS to Windows 9x and to Windows NT/2000/XP Alternate OSs (UNIX, Linux, OS/2, Mac OS)