1. Certain security vulnerabilities exist in every mode of wireless communications.

2. Wired and wireless IP communications concerns Traffic Sniffing Traffic Sniffing Wrong location delivery Wrong location delivery Logging Logging Corporate espionage and spying Corporate espionage and spying Identity Theft Identity Theft Man in the middle captures Man in the middle captures

3. IP traffic sniffing may be different depending on the mode of communications used. Wireless Wireless – WiFi – EV-DO – CDMA – TDMA – GPRS – GSM – iDEN (Nextel) – CDPD Wired Wired – Dedicated LAN – DIA Leased Lined – Frame Relay – PRN – ISDN – DSL – Cable

4. Sniffing WiFi Plain Text Plain Text –Everything is readable WEP WEP –Encryption is easily broken WPA WPA –More difficult to break –More difficult to manage WPA2 WPA2 –Harder to break –Difficult to manage –Unmanageable for road warriors

5. Sniffing EV-DO Encrypted with 128 bit known method Encrypted with 128 bit known method Requires at this time special hardware to monitor and read (i.e. test equipment not readily accessible) Requires at this time special hardware to monitor and read (i.e. test equipment not readily accessible) Black Hat has published a calculator for decryption (takes 100 hours on pentium 200 which breaks down to 1 hour on an HP 2620) Black Hat has published a calculator for decryption (takes 100 hours on pentium 200 which breaks down to 1 hour on an HP 2620)

6. EV-DO Specific Concerns 1) The data is transmitted in Encrypted using a 64bit key from the card and 64bit key from the base station (see http://www.faqs.org/ftp/internet-drafts/draft-lizhiming- pppext-eap-cave-00.txt). I am looking for a more up to date version of this document. Note: not able to find on US search engines. 2)There is a (black hat) paper out there that includes a link to a calculator program to decrypt the communication. 3) Working on receiver modifications so I can capture the packets from the air and put them back together. Steps 1 and 2 are done waiting on hardware for step 3

7. Sniffing a Dedicated Connection Only sniffable with a tap into the circuit or access point in the network Only sniffable with a tap into the circuit or access point in the network Still vulnerable through wireless devices connected to the wired network Still vulnerable through wireless devices connected to the wired network

8. Sniffing DSL Less difficult to sniff than dedicated wired connections Less difficult to sniff than dedicated wired connections DSL can be connected into at different connection points along the way DSL can be connected into at different connection points along the way Still vulnerable through wireless devices connected to the wired network Still vulnerable through wireless devices connected to the wired network

9. What do you need to sniff cable? Requires a modified cable modem Requires a modified cable modem Access to all traffic along the cable Access to all traffic along the cable More open than WiFi, since few people know about the modified cable modems More open than WiFi, since few people know about the modified cable modems

10. Breaking SSL Subject to man in the middle attack (see Blue Coat – commercial product) Subject to man in the middle attack (see Blue Coat – commercial product) Can be broken if the handshake is captured but reqiures significant cpu resources (5 to10 hours of crunch time on dual Itanium server) Can be broken if the handshake is captured but reqiures significant cpu resources (5 to10 hours of crunch time on dual Itanium server)

11. Sniffing Email Email is sent and received via open text Email is sent and received via open text Utilizes no author validation Utilizes no author validation Username and password can be used to access other messages in the email account even though those messages were not captured directly Username and password can be used to access other messages in the email account even though those messages were not captured directly

12. Why Use Protexx? High level of encryption (2048 bits) High level of encryption (2048 bits) Runs inside of all modes of wireless transmission and encryption (WEP, WPA, EVDO…) Runs inside of all modes of wireless transmission and encryption (WEP, WPA, EVDO…) Wrappers around all known TCP/IP based technologies such as VPN(s) and SSL connections Wrappers around all known TCP/IP based technologies such as VPN(s) and SSL connections Provides a certificate for user that can be used to sign and/or encrypt emails in outlook and thunderbird Provides a certificate for user that can be used to sign and/or encrypt emails in outlook and thunderbird Dual level (client/server) authentication Dual level (client/server) authentication

13. Any Questions?