1. Communication

2. Good communication skills are among the most important ingredients contributing to the performance enhancement and personal growth of sport and exercise participants. The Communication Process

3. Purposes of Communication Persuasion Evaluation Information Motivation Problem Solving

4. Types of Communication Interpersonal communication (at least two persons in a meaningful exchange) Nonverbal communication Intrapersonal communication (self-talk– the communication we have with ourselves)

5. The Communication Process

7. Sending Messages Effectively Nonverbal message characteristics  physical appearance  posture  body position  gestures  touching  facial expression  voice characteristics

8. Sending Messages Effectively The importance of nonverbal messages:  Nonverbal messages are harder to hide and consciously control, so they are more accurate indicators of how a person feels.

9. Sending Messages Effectively 1. Be direct. 2. Own your message. 3. Be complete and specific. 4. Be clear and consistent. 5. State your needs and feelings clearly. 6. Separate fact from opinion.

10. Sending Messages Effectively 7. Focus on one thing at a time. 8. Deliver messages immediately. 9. Avoid hidden agendas. 10. Be supportive. 11. Be consistent with your nonverbal messages. 12. Reinforce with repetition.

11. Sending Messages Effectively 13. Make messages appropriate to the receiver’s frame of reference. 14. Look for feedback that your message was accurately interpreted.

12. Receiving Messages Effectively Active Listening  Asking questions  Paraphrasing  Attending to main and supporting ideas  Acknowledging and responding  Giving appropriate feedback  Paying attention to the speaker’s total communication (verbal and nonverbal)

13. Receiving Messages Effectively Keys to active listening:  Paraphrase what the speaker said.  Don’t mistake listening for understanding.  Understanding = agreement?  Mentally prepare to listen.

14. Breakdowns in Communication I KNOW YOU BELIEVE THAT YOU UNDERSTAND WHAT YOU THINK I SAID- BUT I'M NOT SURE YOU REALIZE THAT WHAT YOU HEARD IS NOT WHAT I MEANT. Sender Failures:  Poorly transmitted messages  ambiguous, inconsistent Receiver Failures:  Failure to listen carefully (misinterpretation)

15. The Sandwich Approach to Constructive Criticism A positive statement. Future-oriented instruction. A compliment.

16. Example of the Sandwich Approach Positive statement:  “Sally, you are really working hard out there.” Future-oriented statement:  “Next time try to slow down and not get ahead of the music.” Compliment:  “You’re getting there; keep up the good work!”

17. Confrontation A face to face discussion among people in conflict. While confrontation is often seen as negative, when properly used, it is a part of effective communication.

18. DO’s and DON’T’s of Confronting DO convey that you value your relationship with the person DO go slowly and think about what you want to communicate. DO try to understand the other person’s position. DO listen carefully to what the other person is trying to communicate.