2. 1 Vocabulary Instruction …word knowledge of comprehension Developed by Pamela Oliver and Deborah Stark, Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

3. 2 How do you teach it? As a team, discuss and write down the vocabulary instructional strategies you use ! Write one strategy per sticky note. Share your strategy listings with the group! Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

4. 3 THE GOAL OF THIS MODULE IS… TO RAISE COMPREHENSION BY TEACHING VOCABULARY As recommended by the National Reading Panel Full Report, 2000. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

5. 4 As early as 1925, the National Society for Studies in Education Yearbook, cites: Growth in reading power means, therefore, continuous enriching and enlarging of the reading vocabulary and increasing the clarity of discrimination in appreciation of word values. Whipple, 1925, p.76 Davis in 1942, stated comprehension is comprised of two skills: word knowledge or vocabulary and reasoning in reading. (National Reading Panel, 4-14) Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

6. 5 Comprehension Vocabulary Instruction The word knowledge of comprehension. Text Comprehension Instruction Reasoning in reading. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

7. 6 DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION OF VOCABULARY As a learner begins to read (read alouds, imitation reading, independent reading), reading vocabulary encountered in texts is mapped into the oral vocabulary the learner brings to the task. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

8. 7 DEVELOPMENTAL PROGRESSION OF VOCABULARY This translation from relatively unfamiliar words in print into speech raises the expectation that the speech forms will be easier to comprehend the words will only be better understood if the word is part of the learners oral vocabulary if the oral vocabulary item is not in the learners vocabulary, it will not be better understood than it was in print Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

9. 8 Oral vocabulary is a key to learning to make the transition from oral to written forms. (National Reading Panel, 4-15) Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

10. 9 In short… When material is written in the range of known vocabulary, there is little need for vocabulary instruction. However, when material is written outside the range of familiar vocabulary, vocabulary instruction is necessary. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

11. 10 KNOWING A WORD CANNOT BE EQUATED WITH KNOWING A DEFINITION… Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

12. 11 Knowing a word means being able to do things with it: to recognize it in connected speech or in print, to access its meaning, to pronounce it and to be able to do these things within a fraction of a second. (Stahl and Fairbanks, 1986) Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

13. 12 THE PAST… Researchers claim we dont learn much by looking up words in the dictionary and memorizing their meanings (Nagy, 1989). THE FUTURE… Learning vocabulary entails elaboration and discussion of word meaning and opportunities to use the words (Beck and McKeown, 1991; Stahl & Fairbanks, 1986). Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

14. 13 Wordsplash Activity Suits any content area or grade level Allows students to activate background knowledge Begins making connections between what they know and what they will read Is a collection of key terms or concepts selected from a reading. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

15. 14 meta cognition brain compatible classrooms multiple intelligences integrated curriculum Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

16. 15 My Words Vocabulary Graphics Organizer Self selected vocabulary words Can be used with any grade level, content material, reading ability Individualized for each student Promotes self-efficacy Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

17. 16 My Words Graphic Organizer Activity My Words Graphic Organizer Activity Personally Challenging Vocabulary Words My Working Definition Text-Based Because Sentences Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

18. 17 Concepts of Definition Map ??What is it?? ??What is it like?? ??What are some examples?? Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

19. 18 Be ready to begin in 10 minutes! BREAK

20. 19 How many new words should students acquire each year? Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

21. 20 From elementary through high school, students need to acquire 2,700 – 3,000 words per year. (Just and Carpenter, 1987; Nagy and Herman, 1987; Smith, 1941; Beck and McKeown, 1991 National Research Council, page 48) Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

22. 21 Instructional strategies for accomplishing this task… …read alouds of vocabulary rich literature, followed by discussions of unknown / difficult vocabulary …word walls …word charts …sentence expansion Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

23. 22 Read Alouds Leung, 1992, stated that read aloud events help children to learn new words by incidental learning …introduce vocabulary above students independent/instructional level …expands language knowledge …promotes contextual language …books introduce children to more rare words than conversation (Nagy & Anderson, 1984). Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

24. 23 Word Walls Makes connections between other words in their oral language (Graves & Slater, 1990) …should be interactive (students should be instructed on how to use the word wall in their learning), …can be grouped by concepts, ideas, themes, etc, …allow for active engagement. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

25. 24 Guidelines for Working Effectively with Word Walls Prior to displaying a word on the word wall, engage students in a learning conversation, inviting them to discuss the features that they notice and how it is connected to other words. Write words in large, clear print that is easily viewed from all angles of the room. Create a visually cohesive wall so that the viewer perceives it as a collection of words and it is obvious how the words are organized. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

26. 25 Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

27. 26 Word Charts …are an extension of word walls, …are effective to use in classrooms with limited space, …builds synonymous vocabulary, …are valuable resources for writing activities. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

28. 27 How many ways can said be said? Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

29. 28 Sentence & Word Expansion …is a brainstorming procedure for helping students elaborate on concepts and words. …assists students in allowing for an expanded vocabulary in their speaking and writing. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

30. 29 The dog is sleeping in the house. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

31. 30 So, how do you teach it? Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

32. 31 Reflection… 1. What is a different way of interacting with the word wall? 2. Which read aloud books will you read this year? 3. Name one type of word charts that you can use with your students. 4. A topic that I can use the wordsplash activity with is ____. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001

33. 32 Teach Strategies which assist students in expanding definitions and provide opportunities for students to talk and write about the words they are learning. Delaware Reading Cadre, 2001