3. Plants need to survive: Sunlight Water Minerals Gasses Movement of water and nutrients

4. 3 Major parts to a plant Root Stem Leaf Think about materials- What enters and where?

5. Epidermis (outside) Cortex (middle) Endodermis (inside impermeable layer) Xylem Phloem

6. Osmosis vs. Active Transport Reminder Osmosis – movement of water from high to low concentration Active Transport- movement of materials from low to high concentration Roots move in materials (nutrients) through active transport into the root Due to this, more water is needed to even out the concentration gradient, so water is brought in through osmosis.

7. As water moves up into leaves, rest of water is pulled along. Capillary action refers to the fact that water will stick to other water molecules (due to its polarity).

8. Primary area for photosynthesis in plants Responsible for gas exchange with the environment. To survive, also must control loss of water to the environment (transpiration).

9. Flowers as ovaries Ovaries surround and protect seeds Think about an apple or orange Ripens into fruit Seed is the embryo of the plant

10. Cones hold seeds Some cones open at certain times of the year Other cones require different environmental factors to tell them to open ex. – many pine in southwest open ONLY after fire therefore fire allows them to reproduce

11. Mainly due to loss of water ***Plants have adaptations to prevent this problem Can close guard cells (openings in leaves) during daytime when hottest temps occur Example of homeostasis! Most live in areas where water is easily obtained, OR have roots allowing them to stretch long distances

12. The above parts only refer to vascular plants Other types of plants: mosses horsetails ferns

18. Explain how both active transport and osmosis are vital to a plant’s ability to obtain nutrients.