1. In-Text Citations (parenthetical citations) Books Lennie is described as “his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes with wide, sloping shoulders…”(Steinbeck 4). Internet Sources In the parenthetical citation, include the first item that appears in the Work Cited entry that matches the citation  author name, article name, website name, film name “John Ernst Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California, on February 27, 1902 of German and Irish ancestry” (National Steinbeck Center).

2. Citing the Bible First, italicize the version that you used followed by book (do not italicize or underline), chapter and verse. For example: Ezekiel saw "what seemed to be four living creatures," each with faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1.5-10).

3. MLA Guidelines Ms. Miles - English

4. Page Guidelines White, 8.5” x 11” paper 1” margins all the way around Times New Roman, size 12 font ONLY Use tab key to indent New paragraphs Block quotations longer than 4 lines when typed Level 1 Heading: bold, flush left Use this for each section title

5. First Page Do not make a title page unless requested by a teacher In the upper left-hand corner--in this order: 1.YOUR NAME 2.TEACHER’S NAME 3.CLASS AND PERIOD 4.DATE Double Space- hit enter key 2 times Center your title Use correct capitalization Do not bold, italicize, underline your title or use quotation marks Double Space again- hit enter key 2 times

7. Quotations Short Quotations enclose the quotation in double quotation marks Provide the author and page number, and include a complete reference on the Works Cited page Punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and semicolons should appear AFTER the parenthetical citation Question marks and exclamation points appear INSIDE the quotation marks if they are a part of the quoted passage These go after the parenthetical citation if they are a part of your thoughts

8. Quotations Example: According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184). Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?

9. Quotation Long Quotations FOUR lines or longer: Do not use quotation marks Start the quotation on a new line, with the entire quote indented one inch from the left margin maintain double-spacing Adding or deleting words in a quotation Adding words to a quotation--put the new words in brackets [ ] Deleting words from a quotation--put an ellipsis in the place of missing words

10. Example Adding words Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: "some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78). Deleting words In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

11. Practice Each man’s appearance and characteristics give the reader clues about his character. George is “small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands slender arms, a thin and bony nose.

12. Practice Each man’s appearance and characteristics give the reader clues about his character. George is “small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands slender arms, a thin and bony nose” (Steinbeck 4).

13. Practice Lennie is described as “his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes with wide, sloping shoulders.

14. Practice Lennie is described as “his opposite, a huge man, shapeless of face, with large, pale eyes with wide, sloping shoulders…”(Steinbeck 4).

15. Choosing Quotations Find a quote that supports your opinion Make sure you understand the quote You should be able to explain HOW this quote supports your opinion Which quote better shows that Lennie needs George? “Lennie was looking helplessly to George for instructions” (Steinbeck 25). “…Lennie dropped his head in shame at having forgotten” (Steinbeck 22).

16. Choosing Quotations Use the least amount of quoted words as possible Which use of a quote best describes George? “Both were dressed in denim trousers and in denim coats with brass buttons. Both wore black, shapeless hats and both carried tight blanket rolls slung over their shoulders. The first man was small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features. Every part of him was defined: small, strong hands, slender arms, a thin and bony nose” (Steinbeck 2). George was, “small and quick, dark of face, with restless eyes and sharp, strong features” (Steinbeck 2).

17. Choosing Quotes Explain the importance of your quote Don’t assume your reader understands- explain, explain, explain! 1:3 quotation/commentary “Lennie was looking helplessly to George for instructions” (Steinbeck 25). Without George, Lennie could not function in society. He was forgetful, and unable to make decisions without George’s help. This shows that…

18. Choosing Quotations Don’t change the meaning of the quotation Read the sentences before and after a quote to make sure you understand the author’s meaning Which quotation is taken out of context? Lennie “got kicked in the head by a horse when he was a kid” (Steinbeck 22). George tells the boss that Lennie “got kicked in the head by a horse when he was a kid” so the boss would let Lennie work (Steinbeck 22).

19. Choosing Quotes Introduce quotations with a signal statement In the words of author’s full name, “ quote” (parenthetical citation). As author has noted, “ quote” (parenthetical citation). Author makes it clear that, “ quote” (parenthetical citation). Use transitions to introduce your commentary In other words: to make a statement clear Therefore: for this reason Consequently: as a result In addition: means to add on information