1. Plant anatomy Roots  Absorb water and dissolved nutrients  Anchor plants  Hold plants upright Stems  Supports the plant body  Transports nutrients to all parts  Helps the plant compete for sunlight Leaves  Organ where photosynthesis takes place  Site of gas exchange

2. Meristematic tissue  Dermal tissue  Vascular tissue  Ground tissue Stem Root Leaf Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue

3. Epidermis Ground tissue (cortex) Vascular Cylinder Cross Section of Plant Root (magnification: 40x) Ground tissue (cortex) Epidermis Endodermis Vascular cylinder Root hairs Phloem Xylem Apical meristem Root cap Zone of maturation Zone of elongation Endodermis

4.  Where all plant cells originate  Differentiate into the three other types of tissue  Dermal tissue  Vascular tissue  Ground tissue  Found at the end (tip) of roots, and stems.  This tissue causes all plant growth.

5.  The outer covering of the plant  Usually one layer of epidermal cells  the epidermal layer may be protected by:  Cuticle  Trichomes Stem Root Leaf Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue

6.  The tissue that transports water and nutrients throughout the plant.  Two main types of vascular tissue.  Xylem  Water conducting  Up  Phloem  Food conducting  Down

7. Endodermis Vascular Cylinder Cell membrane Cell wall Casparian strip Phloem Xylem Cortex Root hairs Epidermis Cortex Active transport of minerals Movement of water by osmosis

8.  Found between the dermal and vascular tissue  In the leaves ground tissue is full of chloroplasts.  The site of photosynthesis in the leaves.  In the stems found with fiber like cells.  Help support larger plants in the stems.

9. Epidermis Ground tissue (cortex) Root hairs Phloem Xylem Apical meristem Root cap Zone of maturation Zone of elongation Endodermis Stem Root Leaf Dermal tissue Vascular tissue Ground tissue

10.  Two main types  Taproot: a long thick, primary root with small secondary roots.  Fibrous: a mass of branched roots with none larger than another.

11.  Uptake nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium)  Active transport of minerals- uses ATP to pump minerals in so that water will follow by osmosis.  Root pressure: caused by specialized cells root pressure keeps the roots from expanding and holding water forcing it to move up towards the plant.

12. MonocotDicot Vascular bundles are scattered without the ground tissue Vascular bundles are organized in a ring- like pattern.

13.  An optimized structure for carrying out photosynthesis.  Three main parts needed for photosynthesis.  Water: transported there by the xylem  CO 2 : diffused in through the stoma with the use of guard cells.  Chloroplast: found in the mesophyll (ground tissue)

14. Veins Xylem Phloem Vein Cuticle Epidermis Palisade mesophyll Epidermis Stoma Guard cells Spongy mesophyll