1. Aquaculture

2. Aquaculture
the controlled production of animals that normally live in water (fish farming)
three thousand year old practice started by the Egyptians and Chinese

3. Aquaculture
two types of water creatures
freshwater
saltwater

4. Aquaculture animals raised for production may include
crustaceans (shrimp and crayfish)
mollusks (clams and oysters)
amphibians (frogs)
reptiles (alligators)

5. Aquaculture fish provide a high quality high protein supply of meat
as with other agriculture animals humans soon discovered that by producing their own aquatic animals that the supply available to the consumer would be more dependable and easier to harvest

6. Aquaculture commercial growth growing of fish
five million tons a year produced
demands of the consumer has increased

7. Aquaculture aquatic animals are produced efficiently and economically
fish account for 12% of the meat consumed in the US

8. Fish Production many advantages over other agricultural animals
9lbs. Feed for 1lbs. Of gain for steer
2lbs. Feed for 1lbs. Of gain a fish

9. Fish Production fish are ectothermic (cold-blooded)
this means less energy goes into maintaining a constant body temp

10. Fish Production
fish have a higher percentage of edible meat (up to 85%)
up to 6000 pounds fish can be raised on one acre

11. Fish Production Problems in fish production
dissolved oxygen level must be maintained
shipping the meat (fish spoils quickly)
operations are labor intensive
operations are high risk

12. Fish Respiration breathe oxygen
use gills to take oxygen from the water and put it to use in the bloodstream
gills act just as lungs do

13. Fish Respiration The oxygen is put into the water through…
photosynthesis
process in which aquatic plants which releases dissolved oxygen into the water

14. Fish Respiration
directly from the sun penetrating the oxygen into the waves
aeration by crating waves

15. Fish Respiration
if the dissolved oxygen level falls below a certain point the fish may suddenly die (suffocate)

16. Commercially Grown grouped into two categories warm water
thrive in temps above 60 degrees
catfish and tilapia most popular in US

17. Cold Water thrive in waters that are 70 degrees or less
Trout and Salmon most popular in the US

18. Catfish Production most widely grown production fish in the US
smooth skin with no scales

19. Catfish Production
nearly 100,000 metric tons produced each year at a value of $380 million
survive on lower levels of dissolved oxygen than most other production fish

20. Channel Catfish mose widely used
Mississippi leads in channel cat production
raised in ponds less than 6 feet deep

21. Egg production
female catfish lay eggs in nests that are provided by the producer
eggs are collected and placed in tanks or jars in the hatchery

22. Egg production
eggs are moved back and forth by use of paddles in a wave-like action
fish eggs must be turned just as bird eggs are in order to hatch

23. Egg production
When small fish hatch (called fry) they are placed in tanks until they are about two inches long (then called fingerlings)
fingerlings are transferred into a pond or huge tank until they weigh two pounds

24. Egg production fish are fed twice a day
fish are harvested using seines (large nets)
another method of raising production fish is using large submerged cages

25. Cages advantages fish may be inspected more closely
less feed is wasted
predator problems are solved
harvesting is easier

26. Tilapia Production native to Africa resemble our native sunfish
reproduce prolifically
grow rapidly

27. Tilapia Production
can survive high temp, low oxygen and overcrowded conditions
cannot survive in water below 50 degrees

28. Trout Production considered the best tasting fish
high percentage of their body is edible meat
cold water fish

29. Trout Production
most trout are raised in concrete raceways where the water is constantly moving
moving water keeps the water cooler and keeps the dissolved oxygen level higher

30. Trout Production
disease control is easier in this environment

31. Salmon Production cold water fish
raised in floating net cages that are anchored in bays of oceans
usually takes months to finish out the fish
harvested at 9-11 pounds

32. Salmon Production very meaty fish with a favorable taste
most salmon that is consumed is caught in the ocean rather than raised in captivity

33. Sport fishing hatcheries stock lakes and streams
recreational fishing creates other industry
fishing tackle stores
boats

34. Sport fishing guide services
restaurant, hotel and other stores near the water

35. Bullfrog Production frog legs are considered a gourmet food
most frogs are raised in the wild
demand for frogs far exceed the supply

36. Bullfrog Production
attempts to raise bullfrogs in captivity have been unsuccessful for many reasons
1. Animals are territorial
2. Frogs only eat food that is alive, no processed food

37. Bullfrog Production 3. Predators (raccoons and snakes)
research is still being done to find a way to raise bullfrogs for production purposes

38. Crayfish Craw Dads, Crawfish, or Mud Bugs
Louisiana leads in crawfish production
1000 pounds per acre can be produced

39. Crayfish
raised in large earthen ponds that are less than two feet deep
can be grown along with crops such as rice
crawfish are omnivorous (they eat both plants and animals)

40. Crayfish
main diet is decaying plants, worms and insect larvae

41. Alligator Production alligators were hunted to a point near extinction
hides are very valuable
conservation efforts have brought the population back

42. Alligator Production
alligators are harvested at the age of 26 months of age and five to six feet long
hides are sold to make bags, boots, shoes and various other leather type goods

43. Alligator Production skulls and teeth are also a hot commodity
meat is very tasty and is sold to restaurants

44. Alligator Production process of raising alligators
females build nests from vegetation and mud and lay an average of 40 eggs each time

45. Alligator Production
producers remove the eggs from the nest to limit the loss to predators
eggs are marked so that the proper end will be in the right position to ensure a good hatch

46. Alligator Production eggs are wrapped in hay and are kept moist
the hay contains a bacteria that breaks down the shell allowing the babies to break through the shell

47. Alligator Production
temperature is critical to determining the sex of the newborn alligator
temps above 93 degrees produce all males

48. Alligator Production temps below 86 degrees produce all females
temp of 88 degrees produces an even mixture
alligators are fed fish, products from poultry industry

49. Alligator Production
carcasses of animals that are slaughtered for their fur only