2.  Problems of ________ structure  Series completion and analogy problems  Problems of ____________  String problem and Anagrams  Often solved through insight  Problems of ____________  Hobbits and orcs problem  Water jar problem

3. Figure 8.1 Six standard problems used in studies of problem solving

4.  Barriers to effective problem solving:  ________ Information  Functional _________  Mental Set  Unnecessary _____________

5. Figure 8.7 The tower of Hanoi problem

6. Figure 8.8 Solutions to the additional water jar problems

7.  ____________  ___________  Forming subgoals  Searching for _________  Changing the representation of a problem

8. Figure 8.11 Solution to the Buddhist monk problem

9.  _____________ – relying on external frames of reference  _______________– relying on internal frames of reference  Western cultures inspire field independence  Cultural influence based in ecological demands  ________ vs. analytic cognitive styles

10.  ________ (1957) – theory of bounded rationality  Making Choices  Additive strategies  _________ by aspects  Risky decision making  Expected value  _______ utility

11. Table 8.1 Application of the additive model to choosing an apartment

12.  The __________ heuristic  The _____________ heuristic  The tendency to ignore base rates  The ________ fallacy  The ___________ fallacy  Overestimating the improbable

13. Figure 8.13 The conjunction fallacy

14.  Cosmides and Tooby (1996)  Unrealistic standard of _________  Problem solving research based on contrived, _______ problems  _________ (2000)  Fast and frugal heuristics  Less than perfect but adaptive

15.  Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon (1905)  ___________________________  Mental age  Lewis Terman (1916)  Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale  ________________ (IQ) = MA/CA x 100  David __________ (1955)  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

16.  The __________________  Standard deviation the unit of measure  Distribution set so mean is ____  Deviation IQ scores  Conversion to ________ scores

17. Figure 8.15 The normal distribution

18.  ________ reliable – correlations into the.90s  _________ validity – valid indicators of academic/verbal intelligence, not intelligence in a truly general sense  _____________: .40s–.50s with school success .60s–.80s with number of years in school  Predictive of occupational attainment, debate about _____________ of performance

19.  ___________  Twin and adoption studies  Heritability estimates  _______________  Adoption studies  Environmental deprivation and enrichment  The Flynn effect  ____________  The concept of the reaction range

20. Figure 8.19 Studies of IQ similarity

21. Figure 8.21 Reaction range

22.  ____________ as an explanation  Aurthur Jensen (1969)  Herrnstein and Murray (1994) – The Bell Curve  Socioeconomic disadvantage as an explanation  Kamin ’s ________ analogy – socioeconomic disadvantage

23. Figure 8.22 Genetics and between-group differences on a trait

24.  Biological ________ and Correlates of Intelligence  ______ time and _________ time  Brain size  Cognitive _______________ of Intelligence  Sternberg’s _________ theory and successful intelligence  Expanding the Concept of Intelligence  Gardner’s __________________________

25. Figure 8.23 Sternberg’s triarchic theory of intelligence