1. Environmental Research and Services for Megacities
World Meteorological Organization Working together in weather, climate and water
WMO
Environmental Research and Services for Megacities
Liisa Jalkanen,
Atmospheric Environment Research (AER) Division
WMO Secretariat 1

2. Megacities at Congress XVI
Megacities: face multiple weather hazards and air pollution problems, causing health, environmental and economical impacts.
CAS President
Cg Documents
GAW and GURME Cg-XVI 3.2
PWS Cg-XVI Cg-XVI 4.1
Project proposal ( ) in Compendium for voluntary budget
Side meeting

3. WMO Congress XVI CAS FUTURE ORIENTATIONS
Question CAS President: What are the significant technical, social and environmental stressors which will drive the demand for more accurate and user friendly environmental assessments and predictions?

4. Reply: CLIMATE CHANGE POPULATION GROWTH AND URBANIZATION

5. Growing Urban Population
(Billion)

6. WMO increasing focus: Megacities
GAW Doc Cg XVI Para Need focus on large urban areas both for meteorological and air quality
research → applications → services
Activities should be aimed at:
(i) development of strategies for megacities to deal with weather, climate and environmental problems and improvement of related services;
(ii) enhancement of environmental monitoring and modelling capabilities; and
(iii) establishment of case studies for understanding air pollution, health and climate connections in different types of megacities.

7. PWS Cg-XVI 4.1
Many challenges: severe weather, air pollution, water quality; domino effects.
Climate info and services for planning and long-term infrastructure building
Weather info and services to respond to needs in handling severe and high-impact events.
Need partnerships; improved communication and client relations.
Required
Coordinated effort across broad spectrum of activities, e.g. PWS, GDPFS, AER, WWR; WHO.
CBS and CAS to provide collaborative leadership.

8. GURME experience
Climate change air pollution interactions
Need to consider all scales

10. Example of GURME project:
Latin American Cities
Improvement of AQ forecasting in Latin American cities through capacity building
First Air Quality Forecasting Workshop for the Latin American Cities October, 2003, Santiago, Chile;
Workshop on application of WRF/Chem Model and Use of Remote sensing, 2006, Sao Paulo
Training Workshop on AQF for Latin American countries, 2006, Lima
Air Quality Modeling for Latin America, August 2009, Mexico City
Workshop on SLCFs for Latin America, Sept 2011, Mexico City
NMHSs Universities - Environmental Agencies
Santiago, Chile
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Mexico City, Mexico

11. WEATHER AND AIR QUALITY FORECASTING
C W G
WEATHER AND AIR QUALITY FORECASTING
Brought to you by
Ministry of Earth Sciences
Govt. of India
IITM, Pune
In Association with OC-CWG
GURME Pilot Project
Air Quality
IITM, Pune
Weather
IMD, New Delhi
PI: Gufran Beig

12. SAFAR Components for CWG
This SAFAR project involved 4 components to facilitate the current and 24h to 48h advance forecasting, namely,
(1) The development of high resolution emission inventory of air pollutants for NCR and defining air quality index for India.
(2) Network of eleven Air Quality Monitoring Stations (AQMS) equipped with instruments to provide near real time air quality information. (CO,CO2,O3,NO,Nox,NO2, BTX,O3,PM2.5,PM10,BC)
(3) The 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport forecasting modeling coupled with weather forecasting model to provide forecast of air pollutant levels.
(4) (a) Display the information on LED and LCD screens located at 20 different locations in Delhi in a public friendly format and
(b) displaying the online detailed information through the Web portal developed for CWG as:

14. Another example: Shanghai MHEWS
Shanghai is a mega-city situated on the shores of the East China Sea and the Yangtze River Mouth
dense population: 20 million
rapid economic development: aiming to be the economic, financial, trade, and transportation center of China.
Threat of Multi-Hazard to Shanghai:
frequently affected by natural hazards such as typhoons and associated marine hazards such as storm surge, heavy storms, heavy fog, heat-waves, and by atmospheric pollution episodes

15. Shanghai MHEWS Project components
Reported at Cg in WMO President’s document
Demonstration project (WENS) on the application of nowcasting to Public Weather Service delivery
The Typhoon Landfall Forecast Demonstration Project (TLFDP) supported by WWRP and TCP
GURME demonstration project on air pollution
Heat and Health Warning System (HHWS) demonstration project and intercomparison
Project for the development of the MHEWS programme governance, institutional coordination mechanisms and community preparedness.

16. GURME Pilot Project part of MHEWS Shanghai (EXPO-2010)
Enhanced observing system
Enhanced air quality & weather forecasting (& heat waves)
Field experiment (joint with NCAR)
Workshop activities

17. Meteorological services for public health
Meteorological measurements (temperature, wind, humidity, pressure, cloud, etc)
Heat wave and cold spell forecast
UV forecast
Ozone forecast
UV radiation
Atmospheric chemistry observation (O3, NOX, CO, SO2, aerosols)
Haze forecast
Observations
Forecast models
Pollen forecast
Bacterial Food Poisoning
Pollen measurements (open plat method,
Microscope filter)
Based on various measurements (meteorological measurements, environmental observations and diseases diagnostic) We establish forecast models and supply … to the public. Through those services, individuals especially sensitive groups will take effective actions to keep them well.
In expo period, we have made some new progress in health forecast, World Expo 2010 is one of the most important activities for Shanghai, to enable tourists to better visit the World Expo, we provide special meteorological health service (heat-index, sunstroke, diarrhea forecast) in expo area.
Influenza forecast
Heat index, Sunstoke, and Diarrhea forecast for EXPO 2010
Bacterial food poisoning, Influenza,Heatstroke, Trauma, Diarrhea diagnostic
SporeWatch electronic spore & pollen sampler 17

18. An Extension of Shanghai GURME project on urban meteorological observations, first meeting of advisory team in December 2011.

19. Sand and Dust Storms

20. The WMO Sand and Dust Storm Warning,
Advisory and Assessment System (SDS-WAS)
A Global Consortium Helping Society Reduce Risk Through Research, Assessments and Forecasts
IMPACTS: Human Health, Agriculture, Marine productivity, Weather and Climate, Aviation
SDS-WAS
40 WMO Members interested in the initiative
~ 15 institutions running research operational dust model forecasts
2 SDS-WAS modes (in China and Spain) established to coordinate regional cooperation
Joint GAW and WWRP initiative
SDS integrates observations, models and delivers products to users

21. Heavy sand storm in Minqin County, northwest of China's Gansu Province.
Sand covered about one-eighth of China from April 14 to 18, 2006 and about 330,000 tons of sand fell in Beijing on Sunday night April 10.

22. Heat waves cause excess deaths, large portion due to air pollution
Heat wave in Europe summer 2003:
extra deaths, about 20 – 38 % due to air pollution
More ozone:
High T favors production of O3
Low RH reduces destruction of O3
Less dry removal through vegetation (T, no precipitation)
Biogenic precursor emissions higher (isoprene)
Stable meteorological situation with no clouds (containment of pollutants and favorable for photochemistry)
AQ forecasts and Heat Health Early Warnings (HHEW)

23. EU, COST, IGAC collaboration
MEGAPOLI Project
COST Actions
728 Mesoscale for AP and Dispersion Applications: Several joint publications
0602 Chemical weather
0603 Allergenic pollen
European framework for online integrated air quality and meteorology modelling (EuMetChem)
IGAC-WMO Megacity Report

24. MeteoWorld Pavilion, World Expo 2010 Shanghai
Better City Better Life
Pavillion Theme: Safety and well-being of the people
Collaboration critical for success!
This one is the back elevation of the pavilion.
A Contour- Design Description of the Pavilion “Cloud Droplets”