1. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 1 of 14 Objectives Describe the changes that children undergo during early childhood. Section 19.4 Childhood Identify key areas of development that occur during middle and late childhood.

2. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 2 of 14 Dear Advice Line, I babysit a 2-year-old. She can’t do things by herself like pour milk into her cup or put on her pajamas, but she gets mad at me when I try to help and insists on doing it herself. What should I do? Explain what factors might be contributing to this two-year-old’s behavior. What advice can you give the babysitter?

3. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 3 of 14 Babies and young children are not miniature adults. Early Childhood From birth to age six, children change from helpless babies into confident individuals who can do many things for themselves.

4. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 4 of 14 At birth, many of the baby’s organs and systems are not yet fully developed. Birth to Eighteen Months By the time a baby is 3 or 4 months old, the brain, nerves, and muscles are ready for more coordinated movement. By 18 months of age, he or she now has some “baby” teeth and can chew solid food.

5. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 5 of 14 Most children learn to talk sometime between 18 months and 3 years of age. Eighteen Months to Three Years Appetite decreases as growth slows down. Physical coordination improves. During this time, most children gain abilities to do things for themselves.

6. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 6 of 14 Between the ages of 3 and 6, children become more independent and active. Three to Six Years Most 4-year-olds talk in sentences. During this stage, children learn to play together and make friends. They start to develop a sense of right and wrong.

7. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 7 of 14 Click above to go online. For: Updates on growth and development

8. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 8 of 14 Physical growth, mastering new skills, and making friends are key areas of development during middle and late childhood. Middle and Late Childhood Middle childhood is defined as the period between age 6 and 8, and late childhood as ages 9 through 12. Late childhood is also called pre-adolescence or the “tween” years.

9. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 9 of 14 At around age 6 or 7, a child’s facial structure changes with the appearance of permanent teeth. Physical Growth Muscles and bones continue to grow, and coordination develops further. Their appetite also increases.

10. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 10 of 14 Children will feel pride in accomplishing tasks and attempting new challenges. Mental Development During middle and late childhood, the self- centeredness of early childhood lessens, and children continue to learn values. They may start taking on responsibilities at home, such as chores, during this stage.

11. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 11 of 14 The approval of friends and the need to fit in with a social group help children learn to work well in group situations. Importance of Friends Having a best friend also becomes important in pre- adolescence and will remain so into the teen years.

12. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 12 of 14 Vocabulary pre-adolescenceThe stage of development before adolescence.

13. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 13 of 14 QuickTake Quiz Click to start quiz.

14. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 14 of 14 Click above to go online. For: Chapter 19 self test

15. Section 19.4 Childhood Slide 15 of 14 End of Section 19.4 Click on this slide to end this presentation.