1. Kingdom Animalia

2. They are complex, multicellular organisms Their cells have a nucleus and organelles Their cells do not have a cell wall Most of them can move about freely from place to place They lack chlorophyll and obtain their food by feeding on the body parts of other organisms They have specialized systems for detecting the environment, movement and coordinating body functions

3. Classification of Animals Invertebrates (without backbone) Animals Vertebrates (with backbone)

4. Backbone/Vertebral Column

5. Invertebrates

6. Invertebrates The major groups of invertebrates are: Coelenterates/Cnidarians Flatworms Roundworms Ringed worms Arthropods Molluscs Echinoderms

7. Cnidarians (Coelenterates)

8. Cnidarians They have a soft, sac-like body with one opening forming the mouth and anus tentaclesstinging cellsThey have tentacles with stinging cells which can paralyze organisms They live in fresh or sea water Examples: jellyfish, coral, sea anemone and Hydra

9. Anemone Bubble Coral Hydra

10. Jellyfish

11. Flatworms

12. Flatworms flattenedThey have a long and flattened body Some are human parasites, which obtain nutrients from the human body Examples: tapeworm, liverfluke and planarian

13. Tapeworm Planarian Liverfluke

14. Roundworms

15. Roundworms cylindricalThey have a small, cylindrical body with two pointed ends unsegmentedTheir body is long and unsegmented Some of them are free living and some are parasites in plants and animals Examples: Ascaris and hookworm

16. Hookworm Ascaris

17. Ringed Worms

18. elongatedThey have an elongated body with segments chaetaeThey have chaetae (singular: chaeta), i.e. bristle-like hair, for movement They live in soil or water Examples: earthworm and leech

19. Chaetae

20. Earthworm Leech

21. Arthropods

22. Arthropods exoskeletonThey are protected by a hard exoskeleton jointedlegsThey have jointed legs Their body is divided into distinct regions made up of segments The number of types of arthropods in the world are more than the number of types of other animals put together

23. 4 Groups of Arthropods 1)Crustaceans 2)Arachnids 3)Myriapods 4)Insects

24. Crustaceans antennaeThey have five or more pairs of jointed legs and two pairs of antennae (singular: antenna) They are mainly aquatic gillsThey use gills for gas exchange Examples: shrimp, crab, water flea, lobster and woodlouse

25. Lobster Crab WoodlouseShrimp

26. Water Flea

27. Arachnids They have four pairs of jointed legs They have no antennae They mainly live on land Their body is divided into two parts: head and abdomen Examples: spider, scorpion and mite

28. Spider Mite Scorpion

29. Myriapods They have a long and segmented body They have many pairs of legs They are terrestrial animals Examples: centipede (one pair of legs on each segment) and millipede (two pairs of legs on each segment)

30. Centipede Millipede

31. Insects thorax abdomenThey have clearly defined head, thorax and abdomen They have three pairs of jointed legs and two pairs of wings They have one pair of antennae compoundeyesThey have one pair of compound eyes They are the most numerous animals in the world Some insects undergo metamorphosis during their development from larva to adult stage Examples: butterfly, grasshopper, bee, beetle, dragonfly, cockroach and mosquito

32. Grasshopper Cocoon Mosquito Butterfly

33. Molluscs

34. Molluscs They have a soft and unsegmented body, usually with a hard shell protecting the body Most of them have a muscular foot Most of them live in water Examples: snail, clam, squid and octopus

35. Clam Snail OctopusSquid

36. Echinoderms

37. Echinoderms radially symmetricalThey have a radially symmetrical body (i.e. having a symmetrical arrangement of radiating parts about a central point) spinesThey have a tough skin which may be covered with spines They live in sea water Examples: starfish, sea urchin and sea cucumber

38. Sea Urchin Starfish Sea Cucumber

39. Vertebrates

40. Vertebrates The major groups of vertebrates are: Fish Amphibian Reptile Bird Mammal

41. Fish

42. Fish scalesThey have a moist skin covered with scales

43. Fish scales – for protection

44. Fish scalesThey have a moist skin covered with scales They are aquatic vertebrates gillsThey use gills for gas exchange streamlinedThey have a streamlined body, which reduces water resistance during swimming They have fins for swimming and maintaining balance in water

45. Fish They lay eggs in water

46. Fish eggs

47. Fish They lay eggs in water poikilothermsTheir body temperature changes with the environment, i.e. they are poikilotherms Examples: shark, eel, goldfish and sea horse

48. Eel Goldfish Angel Fish Shark Sea Horse

49. Amphibians

50. Amphibians They have a “naked” and moist skin TadpolesTadpoles, the young stage of amphibians, are fish-like and live in water. The adults are partly aquatic and partly terrestrial Tadpoles have gills for gas exchange whereas the adults may use the skin, mouth and lungs for gas exchange

51. Amphibians They have two pairs of limbs with five digits each in the adult stage for movement They lay eggs in water They are poikilotherms Examples: frog, toad and salamander

53. Frog Toa d Salamand er

54. Reptiles

55. Reptiles They have a dry, hard skin covered with scales Many live on land They have lungs for gas exchange They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on land They are poikilotherms Examples: lizard, snake, tortoise and crocodile

56. Lizar d Lizar dSnake Tortoise Crocodile

57. Dinosaurs – The Terrible Lizards Brachiosaurus Tyrannosaurus

58. Birds

59. Birds Their skin is covered with feathers They have two pairs of limbs: the forelimbs are modified to form a pair of wings for flying Most of the birds can fly but some cannot, such as penguins and ostriches They have no teeth. Their jaws are pointed and form a beak They have lungs for gas exchange

60. Birds They lay eggs enclosed in a hard shell on land The parents look after their young homoiothermsThey maintain a constant body temperature, i.e. they are homoiotherms Examples: swallow, penguin, owl, duck, ostrich, robin and pigeon

61. Owl Bird Eggs Duck

62. AnteaterPlatypus Kangaroo Koala Bear

63. Classification of Vertebrates Vertebrat es ReptilesFish Amphibia ns Lungs Feather s Cannot control their own body temperature Can control their own body temperature Beaks Mammar y glands Scales Fins Gills Eggs Slimy skins, no scales 4 limbs Gills (Larvae) Lungs (Adult) Eggs Shelled- eggs Lungs 4 limbs Dry scales Birds 2 limbs + 2 wings Lungs Shelled- eggs Mamma ls Hairs 4 limbs Born alive

64. What bird is the biggest in the world???

66. OSTRICHES!!! The ostrich is the biggest bird in the world. It can weigh up to 300 lbs!! Ostriches are rapid runners – they can attain a speed of about 65 km/hour. Ostriches also lay the biggest eggs among the birds. An ostrich egg is about 3.3 pounds and is the size of a baby’s head. FYI, one ostrich egg can make an omelet for 10 people!!!!!

67. Mammals

68. Mammals They have hair on their skin They have lungs for gas exchange Their young develop inside the mother’s body and are born alive mammary glandsAfter birth, the young are fed by milk from the mother’s mammary glands The parents look after their young

69. Mammals They have highly developed brains They are homoiotherms and have a well- developed system for regulating the body temperature Examples: giraffe, dog, lion, dolphin, kangaroo, panda, cat, wolf and human

71. Primitive Mammals They lay eggs instead of giving birth to the young alive Some of them carry their eggs in pockets/pouches in the abdomen When the young are hatched from the egg, they are fed by milk produced in the mother’s mammary glands Some pouched mammals do not lay eggs, but their young are born in a very immature state and need to be carried inside the mother’s pouch immediately after birth for further development They are found mainly in Australia