1. Institutionalizing Agroforestry for Accelerated Impact and Improved Livelihoods by Smallholder Farmers in Southern Africa A Proposed FANRPAN & World Agroforestry Centre Collaborative Project Olu Ajayi World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) Presented at the FANRPAN Regional Policy Dialogue 4-7 Sept, 2007 Lusaka, Zambia

2. Outline Background: Phase I & II of Agroforestry R & D New focus of agroforestry R & D in SA region Goal and impact of proposed Project Planned activities and expected outcomes

3. On-station Research Adoption On-Farm Research Scaling up & out Late1980s Early1990sMid 1990s >2000 Number of farmers involved 2005 Time 1 st generation issues: Species ScreeningSpecies Screening Management regimesManagement regimes Suitability of technology in other sites Farmers’ modifications 2 nd generation issues e.g. pests Farmer innovations & constraints Labour Profitability Grazing Fire Seeds & germplasm Targeting Property rights- tenure Policy Diversification of options M & E Impacts on livelihood Evolution of R&D on Agroforestry in Southern African Region

4. 1.Improved fallows Non coppicing fallows Coppicing fallows Mixed fallows Intercrops with sesbania and tephrosia etc Mixed cropping with gliricidia 2.Integrated nutrient management (Fallows supplemented with fertilizer) 3.Biomass transfer 4.Rotational woodlots 5.Fodder banks 6.Indigenous fruit trees Agroforestry options being scaled up

5. Scaling up of Agroforestry in Southern Africa Scaling up/out Capacity Building Marketing & processing Germplasm Economics, Policies, institutions Diversification of AF options

6. Field with AF trees Continuous field

7. Water-stressed maize after 21 days of dry spell in Zambia January, 2003 Maize in AF field Maize with fertilizer Maize, no fert

8. Financial profitability of maize production systems per hectare over a five- year cycle in Zambia ( Grain yield only )  Figures are on one hectare basis, using prevailing costs & prices and an annual discount rate of 30%

9. Value-Cost Ratio ($/$) of maize production systems in Zambia

10. Solid evidence that agroforestry options are profitable and offer opportunities to enhance household food security and conservation of the natural resource base Identified as a technological success in NRM (by the Science Council of the CGIAR) and an example of “success story in African agriculture” (IFPRI African Agriculture Success survey) Technical characteristic & field performance of agroforestry are necessary and important but are not sufficient to guarantee their adoption by farmers. Appropriate institutions, policies and incentive mechanisms are required to facilitate the adoption of agroforestry Lessons learnt

11. Mid Term Review recommendations: –Build on lessons learnt …but shift from direct implementation of scaling up of agroforestry –Increasing emphasis on policy and mainstreaming agroforestry into national and regional programmes –ICRAF’s science role/technical partner and knowledge brokerage –Identify a strategic sub-regional organization to lead the policy and mainstreaming of agroforestry in southern Africa (FANRPAN) –FANRPAN / ICRAF proposal New Project focus

12. Overall Goal of Project –“increase the ability of smallholder farmers to diversify livelihood opportunities by producing sufficient food to feed their family, generating cash income, increasing the productivity of their farm and conserving their natural resources” Project Impact: –By employing integrated agroforestry practices, at the end of four years of implementation of the Project, 250,000 additional farm families (1.25 million individuals) will achieve year-round food security by reducing the average food gap (number of months when food is unavailable) from four to zero. In addition, the annual income of 75% of participating families will increase from less than a dollar a day to a level 25% above the poverty line. Goal and Impact of the proposed Project

13. OutputOutcome 1. Wider adoption of agroforestry catalyzed and mainstreamed into policy decisions at local, national, and regional levels. Policies supporting agroforestry development will be in place and agroforestry will become an integral component of an increasing number of agriculture and rural development programmes in the region 2. Partners’ capability to apply long-term demand-driven national and regional and agroforestry strategies strengthened and institutionalized. At least 100 institutions in the region able to provide capacity building on agroforestry and natural resources management; and their capacity to address agroforestry enhanced. 3. Strategies for the targeting, up- and out-scaling and assessing impact of agroforestry options developed by stakeholders. Strategies for targeting, up-and out-scaling, and monitoring and evaluation of priority agroforestry systems adopted and implemented by stakeholders in the region.

14. OutputOutcome 4. Increased participation of smallholder farmers in agroforestry tree product markets. Information and technical support systems helping farmers to increase their participation in agroforestry tree product markets to improve their livelihoods. 5. Functional seed supply systems built and smallholder farmers have increased access to germplasm of priority agroforestry species. Sustainable seed supply, nursery enterprises, and propagation services will be functional; production, distribution and access to agroforestry tree germplasm increased. 6. Existing agroforestry networks and producer organizations strengthened and supported for scaling up. Regional and national networks and producer organizations in participating countries Actively promoting and supporting agroforestry.

15. Implementing Partners: –FANRPAN is Project Manager, with ICRAF’s support under a formal MOU, and participation from several national institutions Implementation strategy: Emphasis on three key scaling up thrusts/approaches : –mainstream agroforestry into broader agricultural development policies in five project countries and at regional level –support appropriate extension delivery strategies by government, producer organizations, NGOs and the private sector; –train and empower implementation partners in the three ‘Chinyanja Triangle' countries. Implementing locations: –Primarily Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia; modest policy support in Tanzania and Zimbabwe; and policy mainstreaming at the SADC and COMESA levels. Duration of Project: 4 years Proposed Budget: Circa CAD $ 5.0 million Implementation of the proposed Project

16. Thank you