2. ADJECTIVES

3. An adjective is a word that describes or modifies (changes) a noun. Unpack Your Adjectives Got home from camping last spring. Saw people, places, and things. We barely had arrived, Friends asked us to describe The people, places, and every last thing. So we unpacked our adjectives. I unpacked "frustrating" first. Reached in and found the word "worst." Then I picked "soggy" and Next I picked "foggy" and Then I was ready to tell them my tale, 'Cause I'd unpacked my adjectives. Adjectives are words you use to really describe things. And words to carry around. Days are sunny, or they're rainy. Boys are dumb or else they're brainy. Adjectives can show you which way. Adjectives are often used to help us compare things, To say how thin, how fat, how short, how tall. Girls who're tall get taller. Boys who're small get smaller, Till one is the tallest and the other's the smallest of all. We hiked along without care. Then we ran into a bear! He was a hairy bear! He was a scary bear! We beat a hasty retreat from his lair, And described him with adjectives!

4. Predicate Adjective Follows a linking verb and modifies the subject of the sentence. Christina’s World is a haunting painting. Is – linking verb haunting- adjective Christina’s World by Andrew Wyeth Eighth graders are noisy. We are happy to be back to work.

5. Articles p. 426 An article is one of the following words: a, an or the a and an are called indefinite articles because they refer to one of a general group of people, place, things, or ideas. a unit a painting an etching an hour The is called a definite article because it identifies specific people, places, things, or ideas. The valuable statue is the only one of its kind.

6. Proper Adjectives p. 426 A proper adjective is formed from a proper noun. A proper adjective always begins with a capital letter. The Italian dinner was delicious. The French art museum, The Louvre, contains many classics. Charles I of England The Mona Lisa Maria orders Chinese food every weekend.

7. Comparative Adjectives Compares two things or people. I am younger than Mrs. Sev. (tee hee) Superlative Adjectives Compare more than two things or people. Mr. Lewandowski is the youngest of the teachers on this end of the hall. In most cases if an adjective has two or more syllables, add more or most before the adjective. The one next to it is more colorful. The painting in the next room is the most colorful. NEVER use more or most with adjectives that already end with –er or-est. I am more younger than Mrs. Sev. (INCORRECT) Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms Adjective Comparative Superlative good, well better best bad worse worst many, much more most little less least

8. Adjective formComparativeSuperlative Only one syllable, ending in E. Examples: wide, fine, cute Add -R: wider, finer, cuter Add -ST: widest, finest, cutest Only one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant at the end. Examples: hot, big, fat Double the consonant, and add -ER: hotter, bigger, fatter Double the consonant, and add -EST: hottest, biggest, fattest Only one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end. Examples: light,neat, fast Add -ER: lighter, neater, faster Add -EST: lightest, neatest, fastest Two syllables, ending in Y. Examples: happy, silly, lonely Change Y to I, then add -ER: happier, sillier, lonelier Change Y to I, then add -EST: happiest, silliest, loneliest Two syllables or more, not ending in Y. Examples: modern, interesting, beautiful Use MORE before the adjective: more modern, more interesting, more beautiful Use MOST before the adjective: most modern, most interesting, most beautiful

9. Demonstrative Adjectives p.430 Point out something and describe nouns by answering the questions Which one? Or which ones? Demonstrative Words Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns This painting is my favorite. This is my favorite painting. I like these kinds of paintings. These are the paintings I like. That portrait is well known. That was the first stage. He draws those sorts of pictures. Those are from his Cubist phase. Remember a demonstrative adjective comes before a noun. A demonstrative pronoun is followed by a being verb. Am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been.

10. ADVERBS p. 432 An adverb is a word that modifies, or describes, a verb, an adjective or another adverb. An adverb or an intensifier may tell to what extent a quality exists. An adverb may tell, when where, or how about a verb. Below the adverb in all sentences modify the verb play. How? Many pianists play well with a large orchestra. How do the pianists play? The pianists play well. When? Pianists sometimes play duets. When do the pianists play? They play sometimes. Where? Some pianists play everywhere in the country. Where do the pianists play? They play everwhere. Notice not all adverbs end in –ly afterward often there hard sometimes soon everywhere long later here fast straight

11. Comparative Adverbs p.434 A comparative adverb compares two actions. The audience listened more attentively last night than tonight. Superlative Adverbs A superlative adverb compares more than two actions. Last Sunday’s audience responded most enthusiastically of all. Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms Adverb Comparative Superlative well better best badly worse worst little less least Long adverbs require the use of more or most or less or least. i.e. attentively More attentively The nurse cared more attentively for the baby than the man. Most attentively. The nurse cared for the babies most attentively.

12. Identify the adverb. Tell whether it is comparative or superlative. 1.A turtle moves more slowly than a snake. 2.A sailfish swims most quickly of all. 3.My rabbit hops higher than my dog does. 4.But my dog runs farthest of all without stopping. 5.I can run faster than my dog at times. 6.My dog eats fastest of everyone in my family. Write the correct form of the adverb. 1.The gazelle runs (gracefully) of all animals. 2.Poets have written (often) about the gazelle than about any other 3.animal I know. 4.Almost any animal drinks water (frequently) than the gazelle does. 5.The gazelle goes (long) without water than the average animal. 6.Another (good,well) builder is the ant. 7.The ant builds (better, best) of all the insects.

13. Using Adverbs and Adjectives p.436 Distinguishing Adjective from Adverb Adjective Adverb The sound is bad. The actor sang badly. The band sounds good. The band played well. Not good. The soloist seems well. Well is used to describe the manner in which something is done. The soloist seems well. Describes how the soloist appears health wise. Good would be used for Describing one’s appearance. She looks good in that outfit. Music is a real art. Music is really popular. A pianist needs sure hands. Piano music is surely popular. Most pianos have eighty-eight keys. Piano strings almost never break.

14. Avoiding double negatives p. 438 The adverb not is a negative word, expressing the idea of “no”. It often appears as a contraction. i.e. Do not- Don’t Is not – isn’t cannot- can’t have not- haven’t Was not- wasn’t could not- couldn’t had not- hadn’t Were not- weren’t do not- don’t would not- wouldn’t Will not- won’t did not- didn’t should not- shouldn’t Be careful not to use double negatives. This isn’t no good.incorrect This isn’t any good. correct Didn’t no one get directions? incorrect Didn’t any one get directions. correct My brother doesn’t have no money. Incorrect My brother doesn’t have any money. correct

15. 1.She was certainly an effective speaker. 2.I ran quickly home and told Mother what had happened. 3.She was extremely upset about the delay. 4.My mother wrote home often while she was away. 5.The jaguar sits low in the grass and waits. 6.My car would not start this morning. 7.A tornado then hit my home. 8.The sound boomed above.