1. THE PASSIVE Mónica Redondo Arias

2. Examples Stonehenge was built in prehistoric times It was probably constructed as a place of worship Many of its stones have been stolen over the years It is visited by a lot of tourists every year

3. FORM to be + past participle PRESENT SIMPLE am/is/are + pp She writes the reports The reports are written twice a year PRESENT CONTINUOUS am/is/are being+ pp She is writing the reports The reports are being written now PAST SIMPLEwas/were +pp She wrote the reports The reports were written last month PAST CONTINUOUS was/were being+pp She was writing the reports The reports were being written when I went to the office PRESENT PERFECT have/has been + pp She has written the reports The reports have already been written MODALSmodal + be+ pp She must write the reports today The reports must be written today

4. 1. when the person who carries out the action is unknown, unimportant, or obvious from the context Mrs. smith’s ring was stolen from her house last night (unknown) Rolls Royce are made in England (not important) The cows are milked once a day (Obvious: farmers) USES:

5. 2. When the action itself is more important than the subject (news headlines, newspaper articles, etc) Two teenagers were arrested in a robbery last night. teenagers Two teenagers were arrested in a robbery last night. teenagers

6. 3. When we want to make statements more polite. My new blouse is ruined! (more polite than: YOU ruined my blouse!)

7. 1. The OBJECT of the active sentence becomes the SUBJECT of the passive sentence My father built this house in 1935. This house was built in 1935 by my father. From active to passive

8. 2. The active verb remains in the same tense, but changes into a passive form. ✴ My father built this house in 1935 ✴ This house WAS BUILT by my father From active to passive

9. 3. The SUBJECT of the active sentence becomes the AGENT (introduced by the preposition BY or omitted) My father built this house in 1935 This house was built by my father Somebody cleaned this room yesterday This room was cleaned (XXXX) yesterday NOTE: only transitive verbs (followed by an object) can be changed into passive. (They leave very early= no passive) From active to passive

10. 4. Some verbs can have 2 objects: Jessica showed Ted some photos Ted was shown some photos by Jessica Some photos were shown to Ted by Jessica 12 From active to passive

11. You can use GET instead of BE in the passive (More informal use) There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt = nobody was hurt I don’t often get invited to parties (I’m not often invited) Passive “GET”

12. Exercise 1 Exercise 2 Let’s practice!!!

13. lada cars made in Russia lada cars are made in Russia A new motorway is being build at the moment A new motorway is being built at the moment This programme were watched by millions of people This programme was watched by millions of people I couldn’t send you an email because my computer was repairing I couldn’t send you and email because my computer was being repaired Seat belts must wear at all times Seat belts must be worn at all times Correct the mistakes

14. They sell Cold drinks here. Cold drinks are sold here They subtitle a lot of foreign films A lot of foreign films are subtitled. Some people are painting my house My house is being painted Somebody must pay this bill tomorrow This bill must be paid tomorrow Someone threw the letters by mistake The letters were thrown by mistake Write the passive form mistakes