1. Color Symbolism In the Red Badge of Courage, Crane uses the colors red and black. Red is used to represent the red wound, the red battle field, and the red rage of war. Black represents death and the darkness of the unknown and the future of the men.

2. Naturalism: Naturalism is a philosophical way of thinking that has nature as the center of everything. The only truths in the world are truths of nature. This can be seen in The Red Badge of Courage when Henry is questioning his feelings of escape and running compared to the squirrels. The soldiers are controlled by natural forces they cannot control. Realism: Realism is belief that every new discovery brings the human race closer to understanding the true reality. This can be seen in the novel when the text talks about the nature of war. The reality of war, the nature of war, can never be completely grasped but humans can have little understandings about war, or the true reality of war. Romanticism: Romanticism was a movement centered around that emotional self-awareness was the true path to understanding the human condition. This can be seen in the novel through Henry’s grasp of his feelings towards war and the bloodiness of battle. Henry embraces his emotions and feelings. Impressionism: Impressionism was a way of depicting a scene or image by describing it based on what would make the proper impression on someone, rather than describing it literally. Impressionism can be seen through the description of the corpses on the battle field and of the soldiers. Crane describes it in unique ways that make the appropriate impression on the reader.

3. “The Open Boat” The short story was written by Crane, based on his experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida on his journey to Cuba. The short story was a well known work of literary Naturalism and was notable for its symbolism, imagery, irony, and exploration of themes including survival and solidarity.

4. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg Address was made by Lincoln on November 19, 1863. The speech lasting just over two minutes re- defined the Civil War as not one just about fighting for the Union, but a war with a purpose of bringing true equality to all citizens and remaining true to the Declaration of Independence. The speech resembles The Red Badge of Courage by the way it address the battle field and the soldiers in the war.

5. Impressionistic Art Impressionistic art relates to the style of The Red Badge of Courage in the sense that both used images to convey or leave a desired impression on the audience. The style of both, paints images of scenes that may not be literal but that successfully represent the mood or tone.

6. Lord of the Flies William Golding’s Lord of the Flies shares similar images and themes with The Red Badge of Courage. Both novels have a vivid description of a corpse. The way they describe the body and death, dehumanizes the thing they are looking upon. Throughout both books themes that consist of survival and natural animal instinct are present.

7. Widow of the South Widow of the South written by Robert Hicks, is a civil war novel about a woman who’s home is taken over and becomes a major hospital for the near by battle field. The novel, in likeness to The Red Badge of Courage, address death on a wide scale and details vivid images of the terror and horrors of the Civil War Battlefield.

8. Civil War Posters All of the posters of the Civil War served the purpose of recruiting soldiers for both the Union and the Confederacy. The posters advertised rewards and pay for service. The posters claimed it was one’s responsibility to either protect unity or stop Northern interference.

9. Civil War Battle Map The map above is of the Battle of Gettysburg. The lines denote the movement of troops and paths of attack.

10. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation made slavery illegal in rebellion states. By doing this, the Union gained soldiers to serve in their army, as well as taking away a major source of income for the South.

11. Activists for Humanity Lincoln, Martin Luther King Jr., and Mahatma Gandhi all campaigned for the rights of humanity. They all advocated for the equal treatment of all peoples, and races, through peaceful means.

12. Stephen Crane’s Point of View Crane uses the point of view of Henry to effectively convey the thoughts, emotions, and images of war. By telling the novel through this point of view the reader can grasp the inner conflict that occurs within a soldier during war.