1. By: Marissa, Tamy, Emely and Alexis

2. 1840-1914 Realism- nature seen by animals who have no significance. (toads, fish, worms, etc.) Developed at the end of the Civil War, stressed reality rather than imagination. Steered away from Romanticism, one of the 4 major movements.

3. More pessimistic than Realism. Naturalist writers believed in strong forces: Nature, Fate, and Heredity. Inspired by hardship Naturalism was a movement that was an extension of Realism. Naturalist stories depicted real people in real situations, larger forces would shape an individual’s destiny.

4. Naturalist Characters: -Little or no education -Lives were ruled by the force of heredity, instinct, passion, or environment -Character has a down-fall Naturalist Characteristics: -Themes: 1. Survival (Man vs. Nature or Man vs. Self) 2. Nature as a force on the lives of human beings. 3. Violence

6. Along the lines of naturalism, social problems that people would force to deal with. Women and Freed slaves started expressing their discontent with the way things are. Address this in writing.

7. Allusion- n. indirect reference. -Ex: He alluded towards Shakespeare in his story. Archetype- n. original model, base -Ex: His essay was the archetype for future essays. Connotation- n. emotional appeal, imply more than just definition. -Ex: Her connotation towards dogs is sad because of her dead dog. Denotation- n. literal, definition. -Ex: The denotation of denotation is literal. Diction- n. choice of words. - Ex: Tamy's diction was phenomenal.

8. Frame Story- n. story inside a story. -Ex: He had a frame story in his novel. Imagery- n. description that appeal to 1 of the 5 senses. -Ex: He used imagery to describe the setting. Irony- n. opposite of what you expect. -Ex: It was ironic that he hated the color pink and was wearing pink. Paradox- n. contradicts itself, but still holds truth. -Ex: A paradox sentence is, “Spend money to make money”. Parallelism- n. similar grammatically structure. -Ex: A parallelism sentence is, “Give me liberty or give me death.

9. When did Realism develop? How many other movements were there? What did Realism steer away from? Define Frame Story. Name two Naturalist stories.

10. Was Naturalism more optimistic or pessimistic than Realism? Define Connotation. What strong forces did Naturalist writers believe in? Define Paradox. Name some themes of Naturalism stories.