1. RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010
Expected Result 4 Integration of WMO Observing Systems Strategic Thrust 1: Science and Technology Development and Implementation
Doc 4.4
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

2. Outline of the document
A (4.4.2 – ): Atmospheric Observations
Regional Basic Synoptic Network (RBSN) and Regional Basic Climatological Network (RBCN)
Aircraft Observations
Atmospheric Chemical Composition and UV Measurements
B ( – ): Marine & Oceanographic Observations
C (4.4.17) : Terrestrial Observation: Water cycle
D ( –4.4.20) : Terrestrial Observation
Polar Observations
Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW)

3. Outline of the document (cont.)
E ( – ): Cross-cutting Aspects
Space-based observation
Instrument Standards and Best Practices
Radio-Frequency Coordination
Evolution of the GOS
Observing System Experiments (OSEs)
F ( – ) : Coordination of Climate observations
G ( ): WIGOS
Implementation of the WIGOS concept
WIGOS Pilot Projects (WPP)
WIGOS Demonstration Projects (WDP)
: Cooperation with GEOSS

4. Atmospheric Observations
Decision on Basic Stations
RBSN (Resolution 4.4/1) - Inf. 5.1
RBCN (Resolution 4.4/2) – Inf. 5.2
Manual on Global Observing System (WMO‑No. 544), Volume II – Regional Aspects, Region V.
The Association appreciated the work done by the Lead Centre in Melbourne for monitoring the data availability and quality and offering a quality monitoring service for all Members of RA V.

5. Atmospheric Observations (cont.)
AMDAR: 12th AMDAR Panel meting (Toulouse, November 2009) regarding the further promotion of AMDAR in the Region:
A new AMDAR Pilot Project encompassing areas of the South-West Pacific.
Recently development of AMDAR water vapor sensor currently under test in the USA and Europe
The Association:
Encourage members to extend AMDAR coverage
Support the AMDAR Pilot Project

6. ATMOSPHERIC - AMDAR obs.
About 250,000 AMDAR observations per day disseminated on the GTS
The availability of AMDAR profiles in data sparse regions of Southern Africa, Eastern Europe, parts of the Russian Federation, South and East Asia and South America have significantly increased over the past few years.
12th AMDAR Panel meeting , a new AMDAR Pilot Project encompass areas of South-West Pacific, RA V encourage Members to support the project.

7. Atmospheric Observations (cont.)
Atmospheric Chemical Composition and UV Measurements
The Association recognized: the important support by Members for GAW stations in the Region:
Australia
Indonesia
Malaysia
New Zealand and,
USA (Mauna Loa and America Samoa)

8. Marine and Oceanographic observations
Marine observation
RA V noted the implementation of marine observing networks had continued to expand, thanks to the Members
In particular the Research Moored Array for the Africa-Asia-Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction (RAMA) is now 52% completed and still developing.
WMO-IOC RMIC
JCOMM – III (Morocco, Nov. 2009) decide to establish WMO-IOC Regional Marine Instruments Centre (RMIC).
RA V Invited Members to offer such facilities to improve data and observational products quality.

9. Terrestrial & Polar Observations
Water cycle
The Association noted the activities carried out by the experts of the RA V Working Group on Hydrology (RA V-WGH) related to the Pacific-HYCOS and the progress on developing a WHYCOS component for the South-East Asian countries.
Polar Observation
IPY observation legacy initiatives through the EC Panel of Experts on Polar Observations, Research and Services (EC-PORS).
High priority of polar observation in support research and servces.
Interested Members to provide EC PORS with a contact for their Antarctic activities.
Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW)
GCW would be an integrator between weather, water, climate and the cryosphere and request EC-PORS to provide oversight and support for GCW.

10. Cross-cutting: Space-based observation
GOS Vision in 2025: address climate observations
Hyperspectral Sounders from GEO and LEO
Constellation of radio-occultation sounders
Continuity of Altimetry for ocean surface wind
Constellation of global precipitation measurements
Geostationary Satellites covering RA V and transition
GOES series (USA) GOES-R series
MTSAT-1R (Japan) Himawari – 8
FY-2D/E (China) FY-4 series
Kalpana(India)
Polar and Geostationary Satellites covering RA V
NOAA – 19 (USA)
Metop – 3 (EUMETSAT)
FY-3A (China)
Meteor-M (Russian Federation)
Jason-2 (Joint ocean mission, EUMETSAT, USA and France)

11. RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010
Cross-cutting
Instrument Standards and Best Practices
EC-LXI had adopted revised Terms of Reference (ToRs) for Regional Instrument Centres (RICs) and Regional Radiation Centres (RRCs)
The Association requested its Members who operate RICs to declare their level of capability under the new ToRs.
Evolution of the Global Observing Systems (GOS)
RA notes valuable contributions from RA V Members to the GOS Vision 2025; expecting contribution to GOS 2025 Implementation Plan
Observing Systems Experiments (OSEs)
The Association requested major RA V NWP Centres to continue their OSE experiments so as to contribution to the future observing system development.
Global Climate Observing System (GCOS)
RA noted GCOS Technical Support Project for the Pacific Islands and CBS Lead Centre for GCOS Data in the Region, leading to improved performance of RBCN, GSN and GUAN, thanks to the donor countries.
Encourage Members to support the proposed GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN), Ozone and Aerosol networks.
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

12. WMO INTEGRATED GLOBAL OBSERVING SYSTEM (WIGOS)
WMO Global Observing Systems
Global Observing Systems (WWW GOS)
Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW)
The World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS)
WMO Space Programme
WMO Co-sponsored Observing Systems (GCOS, GOOS and GTOS)

13. GOS Space-based development
1961
1978
1990
2009
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

14. Convergence of N.Hem and S.Hem Medium Range Forecast skill 1981 – 2004
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

15. RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010
Challenges: Climate Variability and Change, increasing society needs for improved services: GFCS
El Niño
Hot & cold spells
Droughts
River basin flooding
Tropical cyclones
Heavy precipitations
(rain or snow)
Storm surges
Ice Storms
Storm (winds)
This chart shows the major hazards, increasing in areal coverage along the vertical direction, and in temporal coverage across the horizontal.
There are very few weather-related hazards that don’t affect any mountain cities. Well-established communities have built up their infrastructures and prospered within a general pattern of local climate to which they have adapted. However, meteorological and hydrological events with intensities outside that general pattern can cause catastrophic failures of environmental, economic and social systems. A few examples include:
** Strong winds that impose exceptional loading (or pressure) on buildings and power transmission towers, causing structural failure;
** Heavy rainfall that leads to flooding, accompanied by erosion that undermines structures and inundation that takes lives, destroys crops, drowns stock, contaminates fresh-water supplies and isolates communities;
** Prolonged high temperatures and dry periods, leading to drought with its associated erosion, loss of crops and ground cover, and loss of life;
** Heavy snowfall and ice loading that can lead to broken power and other overhead cables, and isolation of communities.
Major atmosphere-ocean coupled patterns such as the El Niño phenomenon in the region of the tropical Pacific Ocean, and the North Atlantic Oscillation, influence the distribution of climatic hazards. The associated large scale variations in the oceans force changes in the atmosphere above, which affect the wind flow in the upper atmosphere. The effects are carried far from the source region by the modified large-scale circulation of the atmosphere, interacting with smaller scale influences such as the shapes and orientations of major mountain chains, resulting in changes in the normal weather patterns.
Dust storms
Wildland fires
& haze
Hail&Lightning
Mud & landslides
Flash floods
Avalanches
Tornadoes
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

16. A Seamless Climate Prediction Framework
Forecast Lead Time
Climate Change.
Forecast
Uncertainty
Centuries
Scenarios
Decades
Anthropogenic Forcing
Climate Variability
Outlook
Prediction
Years
Seasons
Guidance
Months
Boundary Conditions
Threats Assessments
Weather
2 Weeks
1 Week
Forecasts
Initial Conditions
Days
Watches
Hours
Warnings & Alert Coordination
Adapted from: NOAA
Minutes
Applications
Energy
Health
State/Local Planning
Protection of Life & Property
Space Applications
Water Management
Fire Weather
Hydropower
Recreation
Ecosystem
Commerce
Agriculture
Environment
Transportation
Water Resource Planning
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

17. Studying Earth as a Complex System
Surface Winds
Precipitation
Reflection and Transmission
Evaporation
Transpiration
Surface Temperature
Land
Atmosphere
Circulation
Surface Winds
Precipitation
Reflection and Transmission
Surface Temperature
Evaporation
Currents
Upwelling
Infiltration
Runoff
Nutrient Loading
Surface Temperature
Currents
Ocean
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

18. Need an Integrated Global Observing System Going Beyond the WWW
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

19. RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010
WIGOS: Overview
CONGRESS XV (2007)
High priority -- “Towards Enhanced Integration between the WMO Observing Systems” (WIGOS)
WMO Executive Council
Established a WG on WIGOS-WIS
Develop an WIGOS Implementation Plan
Refine the WIS-Implementation Plan
Monitor the Progress of the Pilot and Demo projects
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

20. RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010
WIGOS Vision
WIGOS will establish an integrated, comprehensive and coordinated observing system to satisfy in a cost-effective and sustained manner the evolving observing requirements of WMO Members and enhance coordination with partners for the benefit of society.
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

21. What will WIGOS be? Integrated WMO Observing System:
comprehensive
sustainable
to address obs. requirements of all WMO Programmes in a coordinated and cost-effective manner;
Framework facilitating standardization and interoperability for improved:
availability
quality
utilization
access etc.
of weather, climate & water information
Comprehensive – by including all observations and products gathered from WMO observing systems required to meet the user needs and requirements.
Achieving Standardization and Interoperability of existing observing systems with those systems that are newly implemented is one of the major challenges for establishing a cost efficient system of observing systems
Data Utilization: there is an enormous amount of observational data but due to lack of data compatibility/inconsistency, lack of metadata, usage of those data for decisions-making tools and their assimilation in NWP is not satisfactory

22. RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010
WDIP
EC-LVIII
Cg-XV
EC-LX
EC-LXI
EC-LXII
Cg-XVI
June 2006
May 2007
June 2008
June 2009
June 2010
May 2011
CONCEPT
NOW
REALITY 
CBS XIV
EC LVIII initiated work “toward enhanced integration between the WMO observing systems”;
establishes EC Task Team on WIGOS
Cg-XV decided to embark on WIGOS via
Res. 30 (CG XV);
initiated WMO Programme and structural changes;
EC-LIX established EC WG on WIGOS/WIS;
EC LX agreed to WIGOS Concept of Operations and WIGOS Development and Implementation Plan V1.1
Review progress and update plans as appropriate
Review progress, update plans;
Pilot Projects completed and evaluated;
Propose changes to Tech Regs, structure, etc;
Prepare for CG XVI
Cg-XVI receives final report of EC WG WIGOS/WIS
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

23. WIGOS Phases W I P Testing Implementation Operations WDIP CONOPS WIGOS
( )
Implementation
( )
Operations
( … )
WDIP
CONOPS
WIGOS
Manual
CONOPS
W I P
WDIS
WMO
Regulatory
Material
WIGOS
Imperative
3/28/2017
: Reference for

24. Three areas of Integrations/Standardizations
QMF Standards
Instruments and methods of observation standards
WIS
Standards
for
Data & Metadata exchange
&
Discovery, Access and Retrieval (DAR) Services
Observations
Weather,
Climate,
Water,
Ocean, …
Data
Processing and Forecasting
Archiving
Users
Active Quality Management
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

25. WIGOS Pilot & Demo Projects
WIGOS Pilot Projects for:
CIMO
 JCOMM
 AMDAR
 GAW
 Global Hydrological Network
Satellite Systems integration (GSICS)
GCOS Reference Upper-Air Network (GRUAN)
WIGOS Regional Demonstration Projects
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

26. WIGOS Development and Implementation Strategy (WDIS)
Draft WDIS proposed by EC-WG/WIGOS-WIS with a view to presenting it to Cg-XVI;
RAs and TCs are requested to incorporate WIGOS implementation activities into their operating plans and work programmes.
RAs are requested to:
develop their regional WIGOS implementation plans;
coordinate WIGOS implementation activities;
establish WIGOS-related Task Teams; and
initiate regionally focused WIGOS-WIS activities.
3/28/2017

27. WDIS: WIGOS & WIS
WIGOS & WIS - a framework enabling the integration and optimized evolution of WMO observing and information systems, and WMO’s contribution to co-sponsored systems.
Members’ support is critical to provide additional resources in the form of:
contributions to the WIGOS Trust Fund and
secondment services to the Secretariat
during the WIGOS Implementation phase to ensure successful WIGOS implementation.
3/28/2017

28. RA V Guidance for future development and implementation of WIGOS
Strong support for the further development of WIGOS;
Noted with appreciation the Regional Demonstration Project conducted by Australia; request new WIGOS WG collaborate with WIGOS DP
Request RA V relevant Regional WIGOS Working Bodies to develop the Regional WIGOS Implementation Plan, and include the relevant tasks and activities in their work plans, taking into consideration of Regional special requirements;
Urged and encouraged Members participate actively in the WIGOS relevant activities (AMDAR, RMIC, GRUAN, etc)
Underlined the importance of the active collaboration of Members and Regional Working Bodies.
3/28/2017

29. WIGOS Benefits
Enable WMO Members to meet expanding national mandates which are calling for increasing coordination and integration to help them better respond to natural hazards, improve weather, water, climate and related environmental monitoring, and adapt to climate change and other environmental impacts;
Enhance operational components of WMO Programmes, especially in Developing and LDCs;
Ensure essential WMO support for the observational and information elements of the future GFCS;
Contribute strongly to GOOS, GTOS, GCOS and GEOSS.
3/28/2017

30. RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010
WIGOS Web Page
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010

31. WIGOS: let`s work together from concept to reality
WIGOS will build on and add value to the existing WMO’s Observing Systems, mainly on the Global Observing System (GOS)
GOS will be a backbone and proven prototype for the integration approach;
GOS will play a lead role in the challenging WIGOS process.
WIGOS will establish organizational, programmatic, procedural, and governance structures enabling:
common standardization approach,
uniform implementation of WMO regulations and practices,
in order to ensure data integration and interoperability across all WMO observing systems, thus facilitating development of a worldwide composite observing system.
RA V Fifteenth Session, Bali, INDONIESIA, 30 April to 6 May 2010 31

32. Thank you