1. Quiz 6 1. Explain why sickle cell anemia is considered a disease of hydrophobicity. (4pts) 2. Explain the role of DPG in oxygen releasing hemoglobin. (3pts) 3. What’s more oxygen binding: adult hemoglobin or fetal hemoglobin? Why?(3pts)

2. Genetic Diseasezzezez Everything I have = handed back today. Part IV = presentations, start next week! IF I DOCKED YOU ON PART III, make sure you have it together for the prez! 5 minutes, or ELSE! Rubric online; Sign-ups on board

3. Things to think about What amino acids interact with the wild- type amino acid? How might these interactions change with the mutant amino acid? What amino acids are around/next to the position where your mutation occurs? How could your mutation affect how neighboring amino acid side- chains interact?

4. Semester Projects Follow. My. Rubric.

5. Semester Projects Proposals back today. Your job = talking them over in your groups, brainstorming and deciding which to do! Many good ideas!!! But lets think: Remember the pepper/water/detergent...? How can we get quantitative data? Controls!? Revisions due next week: same rubric. 1 per group!

6. Lab 6: Mitosis and Meiosis

7. GOALS Understand the relationships between DNA, genotype, gene, allele, chromosome, and phenotype Go beyond memorization and think mitosis and meiosis.

8. Jargon Gene Allele Chromosome Genotype Phenotype Dominant/recessive Notation?

9. Example of Allele Brown and blue eye color - one gene, two different alleles Which is dominant? Why is that so?

10. Ripped from the headlines Blue eyes arise from a DNA change that prevents creation of melanin in the eye specifically Mutation appears identical in all blue-eyed folks, suggesting single origin Headline: Blue eyes result of ancient genetic ‘mutation’ Headline It’s not a ‘mutation’; it’s a mutation On green eyesgreen eyes

11. How many possible alleles can we have in our bodies for each gene?

12. 23 pairs of chromosomes

13. Compare and contrast: Mitosis and Meiosis

14. Point To a cell in your body that does MITOSIS To a cell in your body that does MEIOSIS

15. Meiosis and Homologous Recombination Where should the circled site on Chromo1 recombine with Chromo2? 1 2 3

16. Meet your chromosomes Mom’sDad’sMom’sDad’s Gene 1, alleles A and a Gene 2, alleles B and b

17. Genotype, phenotype Pick two traits Pick a dominant & recessive outcome arising from different alleles You all start off heterozygous

18. Mitosis Manually Pick up your chalk, draw your cell Go through the process of mitosis with your chromosomes Copy Line-up Divide

19. Mitosis Manually How many daughter cells? Genotype and phenotype of daughter cells?

20. Take a walk (seriously)

21. Meiosis Manually Now, go through the process of meiosis with your chromosomes Copy Line-up Crossover Divide Line-up Divide again

22. Meiosis Manually How many daughter cells? Now, go mate! Find a partner, make a baby. Find me and tell me the genotype and phenotype of your baby.

23. Why have sex? Suppose I’m Jack Sprat; you’re my wife. I have the mutant form of the fat-eating gene; you of the lean-eating gene If we reproduce asexually (mitotically), how long until some descendant can eat a whole pig? If sexually, i.e. by taking parts of our holdings & throwing them together in an offspring?

24. Seeing & Believing Mitosis: Turning an onion into a squash Meiosis: Prepared grasshopper testes

25. Squishing roots Drop of acetic acid on slide (keep slide wet!) Root tip on slide, CUT off and SAVE the dark end Cut dark piece into teeny tiny pieces using scalpel and tweezers Place coverslip on, SQUISH with paper towel Pass slide through flame, SQUISH again. Keep slide wet! Scope hunting!

26. Genes on chromosomes Linkage - the closer 2 genes are together on a chromosome, the more likely they WON’T be separated during recombination

27. Fire it up! Load Gameter Interface walk-through: designing the parentals A & B close together on Chromosome II, A further to the right than B, A/A and b/B

28. Linkage & hemoglobin

29. Sickle-cell anemia Arose multiple times independently? Or just once? Knowing what you know about recombination, can we make predictions for each model?

30. Single origin PAST Now Sickle cell mutation Other, linked mutation

31. Multiple origins Sickle cell mutation

32. Clean up Restore chromosomes, dismantle duplicates

33. Homework Gameter!! Vocab: Genetic Words Revised Proposals - 1 per group Work on genetic disease presentations