1. Chapter 11 Quiz Questions

2. Section 1: Work of Mendel
1. How are different forms of a gene passed to offspring?
Gametes/sex cells are created
Alleles/traits found within the gene
Alleles are carried by the gametes
Each gamete carries 1 allele

3. Section 2: Applying Mendel’s Principles
1. How do alleles segregate when more than 1 gene is involved?
Segregate independently
They will not affect the other gene or which characteristic will be chosen from the possible alleles
2. What did Mendel contribute to what we know about genetics?
Principles of heredity
Idea of dominant and recessive genes and alleles
Genes passed down from parent
Each parent has 2 copies of each gene and passes on 1 of those to offspring
Alleles segregate independently

4. Section 3: Other Patterns
1. What are some exceptions to Mendel’s principles?
Codominance: both physical traits appear in gene
Incomplete Dominance: Neither allele is dominant over the other. Both will appear in some form
Multiple Alleles: More than 2 possible traits for a gene
Polygenic Traits: Traits controlled by more than 1 gene

5. Section 4: Meiosis
1. How many sets of genes are found in most adult organisms?
2 complete sets of genes
You gain one complete set from each parent
2. What happens in each phase of Meiosis 1?
Prophase 1: Chromosome pairs up with corresponding one
Creates tetrad
Metaphase 1: Spindle fibers attach to chromosomes
Anaphase 1: Chromosomes move to opposite ends of cell
Telophase 1: Nuclear membrane forms around chromosomes
Cytokinesis 1: Cell splits into 2 cells

6. Section 4: Meiosis 3. What happens in each phase of meiosis 2?
Prophase 2: Each daughter cell has half of original chromosome
Metaphase 2: Chromosomes line up attached to spindle
Anaphase 2: Chromatids separate and move away
Telophase 2 and Cytokinesis: 4 haploid cells created
4. How is Meiosis different from Mitosis?
Mitosis: Asexual reproduction. Creates 2 identical daughter cells. Chromosome number does not change (2N).
Meiosis: Sexual reproduction. Creates 4 different haploid cells. Chromosome number cut in half (N)