1. Environment and Sustainable Development
DST 100
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6. Definition :Environment
Conditions within which organisms live,
It is the result of interaction between living and non living parameters
Non living chemical and physical parameters or a biotic
Living parameters or biotic
Definition :Environment
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7. All external conditions affecting life, development and organisms survival
Environment can be defined as the external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism.
Environment
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8. Concepts used in Environment
Biotic:
Living side of the environment
A biotic
Non living component of the environment
Eco
Environment quality
Concepts used in Environment
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9. Concepts used in Environment
Ecology
Interrelatedness of living organisms with each other and with their environment
Eco system
A community of living organisms that are interacting with one another and with their physical environment
Concepts used in Environment
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10. Concepts used in Environment
Species
Group of organisms that can interbreed successfully to produce fertile off spring
Biodiversity
Contraction of the word biological biodiversity. It means variability among organisms at all levels eg species variations, community variations
Concepts used in Environment
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11. Environment Components
Environmental elements are :
Air and its components
Land and its components
Vegetation
Animals
Micro organisms
Water
Environment Components
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12. Environment and DevelopmentQ
Discuss the relationship between poverty and environment
Resources from the environment provide livelihoods and play different
Roles in different economic sectors agriculture, mining, tourism industry),
Environment and Development
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13. Environment and Dev.(Cont..)
Environment provides construction materials, fuel wood, medicine water and food.
The environment is thus linked to development in different ways and in a contradictory way.
Environment and Dev.(Cont..)
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14. Environment and Dev.(Cont..)
In the process of development social, economic challenges facing the human beings are taken into account so that capacity of the environment to carry the challenges are taken into consideration. Q
Discuss environmental contradictions encountered in the process of development
Environment and Dev.(Cont..)
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15. Environmental use contradictions
Environment provides resources for human dev.(land , minerals ,forestswater)
Development converts the environment into further usable forms,
These forms alters and limits further opportunities for future development
Thus two relationships views of SD (positive and negative)
Conclude using the IPAT model (slide16)
Environmental use contradictions
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16. IPAT model advocates the joint function of humanity and other organisms in environmental mismanagement and hence its destruction
I=Impact of human and other living organisms on environment
P=Population
A= Affluence (consumption per capita)
T=Technology
IPAT model
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17. Sustainable Development (SD) Concept
Means development that lasts.
Development that meets the needs of present generation without compromising/endangering the ability of the future generation to meet their own needs.
Sustainable Development (SD) Concept
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18. What makes SD Social Goals
Sustains institutions , improves justice and encourages participation
Economic Goals
Ensures basic needs, equity and employment opportunities
Environmental Goals
Maintains genetic diversity which maximizes productiviy and renewal
What makes SD
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19. Sustainable Development (cont…)
Human activity that nourishes and perpetuates the historical fulfilments of the whole community life on earth.
Activity should balance economic, social, and environmental benefits through implementation of development policies, programs, and projects that will enhance one type of benefit without jeopardising benefits of others
Sustainable Development (cont…)
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20. Challenges of Sustainable Development
Population in most African countries double within years but does not match with progress in production technology.
Degradation of natural resource reduces productivity of the poor who rely on them.
Poor can hardly manage environment.
Challenges of Sustainable Development
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21. Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)
About 2/3 of population in sub-Saharan Africa live in rural areas relying on agriculture hence degrade land.
Potentials for irrigation are limited hence resulting to high risk of drought.
Overgrazing – 20% of land productivity is lost.
Deforestation continues such that forests are receding by 3-4 million hectares /year.
Continued loss of natural inhabitants.
Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)
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22. Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)
Cities provides economic opportunities but impart some challenge on environment e.g. health consequences, waste management, competition for insufficient social services like water supply, education transport system etc.
Effects of migrants include refugees.
Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)
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23. Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)
Evolution of market economies which are not supported by relevant environmental policies and regulations.
Political transition in an extremely fragmented continent; have suffered breakdown of order due to war/social unrest. It also limits the capacity of each country to deal with its own countries environmental concerns.
Challenges of Sustainable Development (cont..)
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24. Environmental Planning
Environmental Planning has been defined as the analysis of how people impact natural resources in the process of harnessing nature for their livelihoods.
Decisions made regarding development and conservation, zoning, and land use may have visible and invisible impacts on the environment.
Environmental planning is also a study which guides the society on how to take car and manage its resources and those of the planet as a whole
Environmental Planning
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25. Environmental Planning Activities
Integrating the public sector as well as private sectors in planning taking into consideration the environmental concerns
Protecting natural resources for future generations,
Environmental Planning Activities
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26. Environmental Planning Activities (Cont…)
Identifying problem areas erosion hazards, and threatened sensitive areas
Developing strategies for correcting those problems.
Coordination of public education for new and changing environmental acts, policies and regulations;
Environmental Planning Activities (Cont…)
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27. Environment Degradation
loss of natural areas
Loss of wildlife and other living organisms ,
contamination of land,
water pollution
air pollution
Noise pollution
Environment Degradation
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28. The impact of HA on the Environment
Environment al Degradation is caused by the social economic, institutional and technological human activities
Environmental changes are a result of: Growth, urbanization, intensification of agriculture, increased energy use and transportation
The impact of HA on the Environment
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29. The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
In the process of using land, the earths surface is damaged
through:
Poor agricultural practices
Growth of human population
Resettlement activities
Overgrazing
Bush fires
Mining and quarrying
The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
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30. The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
Deforestation means clearing of wood vegetation from the land surface .This is another HA whose causes are:
Cutting down trees for fuel wood, construction and medicine
The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
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31. The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
The impact of deforestation includes:
Loss of resources
Global loss of terrestrial carbon (greenish matter)
Degradation of cleared land
Social economic and political factors associated
The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
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32. The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
Pollution is another impact of HA
Pollution is the process of contaminating the atmosphere( air water or soil) Pollution in TZ. Is more seen in urban areas than the rural
The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
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33. The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
Causes of pollution are :
Industrial smoke, burning wastes and smoke emitted from vehicles (AIR )
Water pollution is caused by poor sewage control mining mercury)
and agricultural chemicals run off
The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
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34. The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
Soil pollution is caused by
oil spills from industrial activities, plastics disposals,
agro chemicals and
industrial wastes
The impact of HA on the Environment (cont..)
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35. Efforts of Tanzania in SD
National environmental Act 1983Which was repealed in2004 by National Environmental Management Act And later 2005
National Environmental Policy 1997
Cross sectoral policies
Rectification of different international conventions and declaring commitment in environment protection
Efforts of Tanzania in SD
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36. Efforts of Tanzania in SD (cont…)
Integrating environmental concerns in different functions and structures of the government like:
the local government environmental committees) and in
central government (cabinet minister responsible for environment )
Efforts of Tanzania in SD (cont…)
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37. Insert a diagram
Components of SD
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38. Components of SD(cont..)
SD development is composed of social, environment and economic components
Socially
the there must be an improved access to social services, improved awareness on the environment and development concerns and development of sensitive culture
Components of SD(cont..)
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39. Components of SD(cont..)
Economically
Creation of awareness on how to use resources for development with caution with out compromising the future generations rights foe the same
(discuss in relation to the role of the environment to economic development)
Components of SD(cont..)
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40. Components of SD(cont..)
Environmental
Environment and development rltship is
Simple and complex at the same time:
Development uses environment resources sand converts them into other usable resources while environment provides the resources to development
Components of SD(cont..)
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41. Components of SD(cont..)
As such, the results of these relationships can be positive thus attainment of economic development, o negative thus the problems of environmental degradation ion
Components of SD(cont..)
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42. End All the best in your end of semester exams
Don't forget to attempt a question from this topic
End
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