1. PREPOSITIONAL & PARTICIPIAL PHRASES

2. All phrases…  are removable – this is HOW we know they are phrases  are movable  aren’t necessary (unlike S-V combinations)  act as interrupters or intruders BUT  add detail to nouns and verbs  add sentence variety  add sophistication to writing

3. Which is more detailed and sophisticated? Why?  The whole congregation prayed. OR  In a mighty wail of moans and voices, the whole congregation prayed.  The whole congregation prayed in a mighty wail of moans and voices.  Which part is moveable and removable, adds detail but can be removed?

4. Which is more detailed and sophisticated? Why?  The damaged plane landed poorly. OR  The damaged plane landed poorly, skidding left and right with sparks flying everywhere.  Skidding left and right with sparks flying everywhere, the damaged plane landed poorly.  Which part of the sentence is removable? Moveable?

5. Inference: How do phrases enhance or improve our writing?  Add detail or elaboration  Add sophistication  Vary sentence structure (don’t always start your sentences with subjects and verbs – too elementary)

6. PSV  Throughout history, public opinion has fostered democratic ideas. Explain what and how  Adds detail or elaboration  Adds sophistication  Varies sentence structure  Is moveable and removable  Acts as an intruder/interrupter

7. PPSV  Throughout history of human kind, public opinion has fostered democratic ideas. Explain what and how  Adds detail or elaboration  Adds sophistication  Varies sentence structure  Is moveable and removable  Acts as an intruder/interrupter

8. PPSVP  Throughout history of human kind, public opinion has fostered democratic ideas toward progress. Explain what and how  Adds detail or elaboration  Adds sophistication  Varies sentence structure  Is moveable and removable  Acts as an intruder/interrupter

9. PPSPVP  Throughout history of human kind, public opinion in the political arena has fostered democratic ideas toward progress. Explain what and how  Adds detail or elaboration  Adds sophistication  Varies sentence structure  Is moveable and removable  Acts as an intruder/interrupter

10. Copy down the sentence & label its S-V combination by removing all prepositional and participial phrases  A wide central hall, distinguished by its Renaissance paintings, running past the Garden Court, from one end of the building to the other, has four large cases of souvenirs from both palaces, including a program printed for the President. Explain what and how  Adds detail or elaboration  Adds sophistication  Varies sentence structure  Is moveable and removable  Acts as an intruder/interrupter

11. Things to keep in mind:  You’ll have a quiz on the phrases on ___________  More importantly, you need to use prepositional phrases and participial phrases in your writing in order to 1. vary your sentences (don’t always begin with a subject - boooooring) 2. add detail to your writing – PART OF THE GRADING RUBRIC FOR ALL YOUR ESSAYS

12. Copy down the sentence & label its S-V combination by removing all prepositional and participial phrases  There is no consistent agreement on the relationship between the various cultures and the glacial sequence, but many claim that the Grand Cave, characterized by primitively worked iron tools, vaguely spherical in form, belongs in the early phase of the First Glacial period.

13. Copy down the sentence & label its S-V combination by removing all prepositional and participial phrases  With this sudden and vast wealth acquired many decades ago, by the turn of the century Trinity Church was an ecclesiastical empire admired by many with 8,500 communicants and nine chapels scattered around New York City besides the main church itself.

14. Now pick a line from your favorite song lyrics and add some oomph and flavor to it by adding prepositional and participial phrases to it.