1. Jae on Theater

2. Shakespeare’s Life Born in Stratford-upon-Avon (England), baptized April 26, 1564 Born in Stratford-upon-Avon (England), baptized April 26, 1564 Married Anne Hathaway at age of 18. She was at least five years older than he and pregnant with Susanna. Twins Judith and Hamnet were born in 1585 Married Anne Hathaway at age of 18. She was at least five years older than he and pregnant with Susanna. Twins Judith and Hamnet were born in 1585 Hamnet died at age 11 Hamnet died at age 11 Lost years 1585-1592 Lost years 1585-1592 Well known in theatre by 1592 Well known in theatre by 1592 Didn’t return to live in Stratford until about 1613 Didn’t return to live in Stratford until about 1613 Died April 23, 1616 (Feast of St. George) Died April 23, 1616 (Feast of St. George) Wrote 37 plays, 152 sonnets, and several long poems Wrote 37 plays, 152 sonnets, and several long poems Died around April 23, 1616 Died around April 23, 1616

3. Map of London 1600

4. Globe Theater

5. The Reconstructed Globe

6. What Shakespeare wrote 37+ plays, including a couple with co- authors 37+ plays, including a couple with co- authors 154 sonnets 154 sonnets 2 long poems, Rape of Lucrece and Venus and Adonis 2 long poems, Rape of Lucrece and Venus and Adonis A few other middle- length poems A few other middle- length poems

7. History on a need-to-know basis Henry VIII – six wives, needed to get divorced so he made England Protestant instead of Catholic Henry VIII – six wives, needed to get divorced so he made England Protestant instead of Catholic Father of Elizabeth I

8. Elizabeth I Virgin Queen (never married at least) lived 1533-1603, Queen beginning in 1558 Virgin Queen (never married at least) lived 1533-1603, Queen beginning in 1558 Under her leadership, the English navy defeated the Spanish Armada Under her leadership, the English navy defeated the Spanish Armada Kept England Protestant Kept England Protestant Identified with England Identified with England Think about her when you read about Hippolyta (Queen of Amazons) and Titania (Queen of Fairies) Think about her when you read about Hippolyta (Queen of Amazons) and Titania (Queen of Fairies)

9. The Renaissance “Rebirth” of Humanism of the Greeks and Romans, including their poetry, plays, science, math, astronomy, chemistry, and interest in the individual (as opposed to theological study). Back to Greek and Roman “Rebirth” of Humanism of the Greeks and Romans, including their poetry, plays, science, math, astronomy, chemistry, and interest in the individual (as opposed to theological study). Back to Greek and Roman Sculpture Sculpture Art Art Music Music Literature Literature Drama Drama Democracy Democracy Philosophy Philosophy Science Science

10. Renaissance, continued BEFORE the Renaissance, the Church was in control so all of these areas of human endeavor were directed to support of the Church and for worship of God. BEFORE the Renaissance, the Church was in control so all of these areas of human endeavor were directed to support of the Church and for worship of God. In 1400’s (Quatrocento) Italy, France, and by 1500’s England, re-started all of these OUTSIDE of the Church control, partly because of Protestant Reformation & Science combined, and partly because of manuscripts discovered – writings from Greece & Rome In 1400’s (Quatrocento) Italy, France, and by 1500’s England, re-started all of these OUTSIDE of the Church control, partly because of Protestant Reformation & Science combined, and partly because of manuscripts discovered – writings from Greece & Rome NOW a secular emphasis – not by church people, not for church people, not about God NOW a secular emphasis – not by church people, not for church people, not about God Individualism/ Humanism: People are not TYPES, but individuals Individualism/ Humanism: People are not TYPES, but individuals People are not represented as primarily SPIRITUAL, but as intelligent and individual, depending on oneself, rather than the social structure People are not represented as primarily SPIRITUAL, but as intelligent and individual, depending on oneself, rather than the social structure

11. Renaissance Humanism “Renaissance Humanism” = a new concept of what humans are “Renaissance Humanism” = a new concept of what humans are Emphasis on the above arts and endeavors, plus Emphasis on the above arts and endeavors, plus Rich potential of human nature/ “Man’s” potential power Rich potential of human nature/ “Man’s” potential power Free creative play of human talent in every field Free creative play of human talent in every field The individual soul apart from all others The individual soul apart from all others A person who shaped his own destiny, free in mind & spirit A person who shaped his own destiny, free in mind & spirit Perspective in art Perspective in art Study of anatomy & astronomy & biology Study of anatomy & astronomy & biology Less symbolism and more real, concrete reality Less symbolism and more real, concrete reality Intense interest in things human and earthly Intense interest in things human and earthly Began in Italy (Quattrocento) and went to France, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, England Began in Italy (Quattrocento) and went to France, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, England

12. Italian Renaissance Humanism Petrarch and Laura Petrarch and Laura Also see Dante’s Divine Comedy Also see Dante’s Divine Comedy

13. Renaissance Humanism Michaelangelo Michaelangelo

14. Giovanni Pico della Mirandola Oration on the Dignity of Man http://public.wsu.edu/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_re ader_1/pico.html http://public.wsu.edu/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_re ader_1/pico.html http://public.wsu.edu/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_re ader_1/pico.html http://public.wsu.edu/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_re ader_1/pico.html After thinking a long time, I have figured out why man is the most fortunate of all creatures and as a result worthy of the highest admiration and earning his rank on the chain of being, a rank to be envied not merely by the beasts but by the stars themselves and by the spiritual natures beyond and above this world. This miracle goes past faith and wonder. And why not? It is for this reason that man is rightfully named a magnificent miracle and a wondrous creation. After thinking a long time, I have figured out why man is the most fortunate of all creatures and as a result worthy of the highest admiration and earning his rank on the chain of being, a rank to be envied not merely by the beasts but by the stars themselves and by the spiritual natures beyond and above this world. This miracle goes past faith and wonder. And why not? It is for this reason that man is rightfully named a magnificent miracle and a wondrous creation. If you see a philosopher judging things through his reason, admire and follow him: he is from heaven, not the earth. If you see a person living in deep contemplation, unaware of his body and dwelling in the inmost reaches of his mind, he is neither from heaven nor earth, he is divinity clothed in flesh. If you see a philosopher judging things through his reason, admire and follow him: he is from heaven, not the earth. If you see a person living in deep contemplation, unaware of his body and dwelling in the inmost reaches of his mind, he is neither from heaven nor earth, he is divinity clothed in flesh.

15. The Early Modern Period Another name for the Renaissance Another name for the Renaissance Emphasis is on looking forward from the 15 th and 16 th centuries to NOW – we see the concerns and psychology of the people of the Early Modern Period as essentially akin to ourselves Emphasis is on looking forward from the 15 th and 16 th centuries to NOW – we see the concerns and psychology of the people of the Early Modern Period as essentially akin to ourselves Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets are the defining literary texts which most emphatically “prove” this point Shakespeare’s plays and sonnets are the defining literary texts which most emphatically “prove” this point

16. What is a sonnet? Lyric (short) poem Lyric (short) poem Rhymes Rhymes Metered Metered 14 lines 14 lines Usually there is a turn, either between the 8 th and 9 th lines (Petrarchan/ Italian) or between the 12 th and 13 th lines (Elizabethan/ Shakespearean) Usually there is a turn, either between the 8 th and 9 th lines (Petrarchan/ Italian) or between the 12 th and 13 th lines (Elizabethan/ Shakespearean)

17. Shakespeare’s Sonnet Cycle Sonnets written 1593-1600, 2 published in 1599, rest published as we read them in 1609, dedicated to “the only begetter of these ensuing sonnets, Mr. W. H.” Sonnets written 1593-1600, 2 published in 1599, rest published as we read them in 1609, dedicated to “the only begetter of these ensuing sonnets, Mr. W. H.” Usually read as the most biographical of WS’s writings Usually read as the most biographical of WS’s writings Sonnets 1-126 to fair young man (poet’s dear friend and patron) Sonnets 1-126 to fair young man (poet’s dear friend and patron) Sonnets 127-152 to dark lady, mistress for a time Sonnets 127-152 to dark lady, mistress for a time 153-54 were translations 153-54 were translations BUT mistress steals affection of the friend BUT mistress steals affection of the friend Rival poet does, too Rival poet does, too

18. Homework for Monday, Nov. 7 We will have a guest, Dr. Michael Warren, so please, please have finished Act 1 of Twelfth Night. We will have a guest, Dr. Michael Warren, so please, please have finished Act 1 of Twelfth Night. Quiz for Monday. Quiz for Monday. Either write a sonnet with iambic pentameter and Shakespeare’s rhyme scheme and a turn. Either write a sonnet with iambic pentameter and Shakespeare’s rhyme scheme and a turn. Or explain why Viola turns herself into Cesario and what the consequences are for her. Or explain why Viola turns herself into Cesario and what the consequences are for her.