1. The World Economy Chapter 16

2. What advantages allowed Spain and Portugal to expand 1 st ? Portuguese leaders drawn to excitement of Exploration and desire to hurt the Muslim world Portuguese leaders drawn to excitement of Exploration and desire to hurt the Muslim world Henry the Navigator funded exploration Henry the Navigator funded exploration Spanish explorers had been in the Atlantic since the 1400s Spanish explorers had been in the Atlantic since the 1400s Spanish wars against the Moors led to advanced weapons Spanish wars against the Moors led to advanced weapons

3. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration Portuguese explorers push down the west coast of Africa Portuguese explorers push down the west coast of Africa Set up small forts as they go Set up small forts as they go Vasco de Gama discovers Cape of Good Hope and sails around Africa Vasco de Gama discovers Cape of Good Hope and sails around Africa Spain pushes west across the Atlantic looking for a South West passage Spain pushes west across the Atlantic looking for a South West passage Columbus discovers new lands across the Atlantic Columbus discovers new lands across the Atlantic

4. Spain and Portugal: Conflict Rather than fight over territory, Spain and Portugal appeal to the Pope for help. Rather than fight over territory, Spain and Portugal appeal to the Pope for help. The Inter Caetera establishes a line of demarcation dividing the world into Spanish and Portuguese spheres The Inter Caetera establishes a line of demarcation dividing the world into Spanish and Portuguese spheres The Treaty of Tordesillas moves the line west to give the Portuguese access to Brazil The Treaty of Tordesillas moves the line west to give the Portuguese access to Brazil

5. The Line of Demarcation

6. Control of Exploration moves North By the late 1500s, Northern European countries get involved in Exploration By the late 1500s, Northern European countries get involved in Exploration Looking for North East and North West passagesLooking for North East and North West passages Protestant Reformation weakens papal power (Kings can defy the Pope’s Line of Demarcation)Protestant Reformation weakens papal power (Kings can defy the Pope’s Line of Demarcation)

7. England and the Dutch Try to match Catholic holdings Try to match Catholic holdings Joint Stock Companies better able to fund the expenses of exploration and trans-Atlantic trade than southern monarchies Joint Stock Companies better able to fund the expenses of exploration and trans-Atlantic trade than southern monarchies Although unsuccessful in gaining northern passages to the Indies, they do settle lands around the Atlantic Although unsuccessful in gaining northern passages to the Indies, they do settle lands around the Atlantic

8. The Columbian Exchange

9. The Commercial Dominance of the West Western Europe dominates most of Atlantic trade Western Europe dominates most of Atlantic trade Merchant countries gain dominance Merchant countries gain dominance Europeans set up small trade posts, but are not interested in setting up large land colonies (Spain in the new world = exception) Europeans set up small trade posts, but are not interested in setting up large land colonies (Spain in the new world = exception)

10. Imbalances in Trade England, France and the Dutch make majority of profits England, France and the Dutch make majority of profits Export expensive finished goods and import raw materials Export expensive finished goods and import raw materials Mercantilism: Economic policy in which countries try to increase their wealth by exporting more than they import Mercantilism: Economic policy in which countries try to increase their wealth by exporting more than they import

11. International Inequality Dependent areas like Latin America and Western Africa were not poor Dependent areas like Latin America and Western Africa were not poor Silver mines in South America grew wealthySilver mines in South America grew wealthy Commercial estates made money on cash cropsCommercial estates made money on cash crops Some West Africans states grew rich on the sale of slavesSome West Africans states grew rich on the sale of slaves Most of the world has no effectMost of the world has no effect

12. Is it really a world economy? No! No! Most of the world is not effected Most of the world is not effected China is isolated, some trade but limited interactionChina is isolated, some trade but limited interaction Most Japanese were forbidden to interact with foreignersMost Japanese were forbidden to interact with foreigners Mughals and Safavid could not compete with European tradersMughals and Safavid could not compete with European traders Most of Africa isolated due to geographyMost of Africa isolated due to geography

13. Expansionism By the 17 th century European powers were looking to expand By the 17 th century European powers were looking to expand Mughal empire begins to disintegrate Mughal empire begins to disintegrate Spanish colonize land in the Indies and Central and South America Spanish colonize land in the Indies and Central and South America France trades furs in Canada France trades furs in Canada England sets up coastal plantation colonies England sets up coastal plantation colonies

14. “Early colonies in the Americas typically were developed by small bands of gold-hungry Europeans often loosely controlled by colonial administration back home.”“Early colonies in the Americas typically were developed by small bands of gold-hungry Europeans often loosely controlled by colonial administration back home.”

15. Spanish Colonies Islands in the Caribbean(Sugar Plantations) Islands in the Caribbean(Sugar Plantations) CubaCuba HispaniolaHispaniola JamaicaJamaica Large land Colonies in central and South America Large land Colonies in central and South America Gold and Land!!!!!!Gold and Land!!!!!!

16. British and French North America Back Water Colonies Back Water Colonies

17. British Colonies Settled land along the Atlantic Settled land along the Atlantic Plantations in the southPlantations in the south Religious refugees Religious refugees Calvinists like the pilgrims in the North EastCalvinists like the pilgrims in the North East

18. French Colonies Along the Mississippi and into Canada Along the Mississippi and into Canada Mostly traded furs Mostly traded furs

19. Dutch Colonized New York Colonized New York Mostly focused on Asian colonies Mostly focused on Asian colonies

20. Life in the Colonies North America: North America: Similar family patterns to EuropeSimilar family patterns to Europe Slightly higher focus on childrenSlightly higher focus on children New emphasis on affectionNew emphasis on affection

21. Life in the Colonies Africa Africa Small coastal fortressesSmall coastal fortresses No family unitsNo family units Trade onlyTrade only

22. Life in the Colonies Asia Asia British and French struggle for control of IndiaBritish and French struggle for control of India Mughal Empire in declineMughal Empire in decline Limited effect on Indian peopleLimited effect on Indian people

23. Effect on Europe Economic Effects Economic Effects Average Europeans can afford luxuries like sugarAverage Europeans can afford luxuries like sugar Wealth goes into development of manufacturing operationsWealth goes into development of manufacturing operations Diplomatic effects Diplomatic effects WarsWars