1. TOOTH MORPHOLOGY
PERMANENT DENTITION

2. PERMANENT MOLARS 12 molars 1st at 6 years old non-succedaneus
Formed from 5 lobes (II,III can be from 4)

3. 3 major cusps (max) 4th lobe forms minor cusp
5th lobe forms supplementary cusp:
Max – DL
Man – D
Functional just – Carabelli – Max I molar

4. MAXILLARY 1 MOLAR
Largest in the arch
Broad MD and BL

5. Facial View 4 cup DB – sharper and longer B developmental groove
divides 2 B cusps
Cervical line – curved toward occlusal

6. M outline – straight from
cervical to M contact
Contact – middle & occlusal thirds
D – outline = convex,
contact – center of the middle third

7. Lingual view Only lingual cusps can be seen ML cusp longer & larger
Wide MD & BL
M outline – straight, D - more convex
L developmental groove from L becomes D oblique groove = DL developmental groove

8. Carabelli = tubercle, separated by ML groove from ML cusp
3 roots can be seen from L
Roots twice long than crown
L root longer
THE MORE POSTERIOR
- SMALLER TEETH
- ROOTHS CLOSER TO CENTER LINE OF TOOTH

9. Mesial view View profile of Carabelli
L crest – center of the mid third &
B crest – cervical third
Cervical line is slightly convex M

10. Distal view Crown tapered D Cervical line straighter
D surface of the crown is convex with concavity at the root trunk
D marginal ridge – shorter, seen on occlusion
DB root – narrowest of all three

11. Occlusal view Crown wide M and L 4 functional cusps, one – non
DL cusp – major (minor on II,III)
Center fossa – major,
B development groove – from central development pit
M & D triangular – minor
Oblique ridge – ML cusp tip to DB cusp tip

12. Grooves Facial Central M, D DL (oblique) ML groove (cusp Carabelli)
M marginal
D Marginal

13. Maxillary 2nd Molar Facial view
Shorter cervicoocclusally and narrower MD than 1st molar
B roots – same length, closer together
DB root has no curvature
MB root – greater curvature toward D at apex

14. Lingual view
No cusp of Carabelli
DL cusp is smaller than 1st molar

15. Mesial view Crown is shorter but BL similar to 1st molar
Roots closer together

16. Distal view
DB cusp – smaller
More MB cusp can be seen

17. Occlusal view MD diameter – smaller BL diameter – similar
More supplemental grooves and pits

18. Maxillary 3rd molar Varies shape, size Crown shorter, fused roots
Occlusal outline heart-shaped
DL cusp poorly formed
Tendency to be impacted

19. Maxillary roots Trifurcation Palatal root – longest, DB – shortest
All 3 roots visible from B view
2 B roots incline D, and D root straighter and curved M at the end
A deep developmental groove runs between the bifurcation and cervical line

20. Characteristics of Maxillary roots
Shorter to posterior
Less divided to posterior
More varied in shape, size, directions

21. Pulp cavity of Maxillary molar
Pulp chamber, 3 main canals
1st molar can have 4 canals (2 in the MB root)
Some 3rd molars can have 4 root canals
One pulp for each cusp (4 in all)