1. Warmup 01/24 Group Solution Injected X
An investigation was conducted using three groups of laboratory rats, X, Y, and Z, to determine the relative effects of glucose and adrenaline on the rate of heartbeat. The experimental conditions for each group of rats were kept the same except for the type of solution injected, as shown in the data table. According to the data table, which group of rats functioned as the control?
A. X, only
B. Y, only
C. Z, only
D. both X and Y
Group
Solution Injected X
1 mL adrenaline in distilled water Y
1 mL glucose in distilled water Z
1 mL distilled water only

2. Warmup 01/27
A new drug for the treatment of asthma is tested on 100 people. The people are evenly divided into 2 groups. One group is given the drug, the other is given a glucose pill. The group that is given the glucose pill serves as the
Experimental Group
Limiting Factor
Control
Indicator

3. What are Life Processes?
Synthesis T
Transport E
Excretion R
Respiration N
Nutrition G
Growth & Development
Regulation
Reproduction
In order to be alive, organisms must be able to do the following
All life processes can be combined into the word metabolism

4. Is it alive? Living: currently shows STERNGRR
Dead: was living at one point
Non-living: might show 1 or more characteristics of STERNGRR but does not have all of them

5. Synthesis Organisms build big things from little things.
Ex: protein synthesis:
All organisms do this with ribosomes
Ex: producing food:
Photosynthesis- plants make food
Opposite is digestion because digestion breaks large things into small things 5

6. Transport Movement of materials within an organism. Examples:
Multicellular organisms (organisms you can see) circulate blood around the body 6

7. Transport continued Examples Plants
Vascular tissues move things up and down the plant
Xylem: transports water up the plant
Phloem: transport food down the plant
Nonvascular plants are not very tall because they do not have vascular tissues to move things against gravity.

8. Excretion How an organism get rid of waste Examples
In humans, this makes you pee and poop
Sweating and peeing are used to balance levels of water, salt and pH (acids)
Organs used include kidneys 8

9. Respiration How the organism gets its energy from food ATP = Energy
Two types:
Anaerobic: does NOT use oxygen
Aerobic: uses oxygen
Example: Feeling energized after eating food 9

10. Nutrition Living things get food and nutrients from the environment
Two ways to get energy and nutrients:
Autotrophs: make their own food
Plants
Heterotrophs: eat other organisms for food
Animals 10

11. Growth and Development
Growth involves organisms increasing in size or increasing the number of cells in the organism
EX: growing from 4ft to 5 ft
EX: 1 cell divides into 2 cells 11

12. Growth and Development (cont)
Development involves maturing physically and mentally
EX: puberty in humans
EX: metamorphosis in butterflies and frogs

13. Regulation Keeping conditions in the body constant
Maintaining homeostasis.
Homeostasis means to keep things inside the body the same
Things to keep constant
pH of stomach and blood
Temperature
Salt levels 13

14. Reproduction Involves producing more organisms of the same species
Asexual reproduction: 1 organism producing offspring alone
Sexual reproduction: 2 organisms producing offpring together
Means that DNA is exchanged 14

15. Reproduction Continued
Methods of reproduction
Seeds (sexual)
Spores (spores)
Eggs (sexual)
Sperm (sexual)

16. Warmup 1/28
Which condition is necessary for an experiment to yield useful data?
Similar results should be obtained when the experiment is repeated
Only the expected results should be considered each time the experiment is performed
The hypothesis must be correct
The experimental period must be short

17. Warmup 01/31
In one of his experiments with pea plants, Mendel notes that 75% of the offspring of a certain cross had green pea pods. This statement would be considered____.
An observation
An inference
A hypothesis
A conclusion

18. Scientific Method
Graphing

19. Grpahing
Graphs must have:
Title
Key
Labeled Axes
X Axis
Y Axis

20. Steps to the Scientific Method
4. Interpreting Data  Graphs and Tables
Types of Graphs:
1. Line Graph – shows a relationship

21. Steps to the Scientific Method
Interpreting Data
a. Types of Graphs:
2. Bar Graph – used to compare information

22. Steps to the Scientific Method
5. Interpreting
Types of Graphs:
3. Pie Graph – shows percentages; must add up to 100%

23. Warmup 2/03
What is an example of the following characteristics of STERNGRR?
Synthesis
Respiration
Regulation

24. Scientific Method

25. Steps to the Scientific Method
State the Problem
Make sure you are only studying ONE problem at a time!
Make sure the question you are asking is related to biology!

26. Steps to the Scientific Method
Form a Hypothesis
Educated guess; possible answer to your question
Written as an “If…then…” statement
Why is this event happening?

27. Steps to the Scientific Method
Experimentation
A test of the hypothesis
Parts of an experiment
Independent Variable: what is tested
Dependent Variable: how the IV is measured
Control group: group that is most normal, is not changed
Experimental group: group that is changed, receives the IV

28. Scientific Method Scenario #1
Raven tests to see if fertilizing marigolds increases the number of flowers produced. She has four containers of marigolds. In two containers she uses potting soil and in two containers she mixes potting soil and fertilizer. After one month, she counts the number of flowers on each plant and records her data.

29. Steps to the Scientific Method
4. Interpreting Data
Make a graph of your finding

30. Steps to the Scientific Method
Draw Conclusions
Use data to make summaries
Discussion of problems with experiment
Discussions of options for future experiments