1. Source of Raw Material Dr. Lek Wantha

2. Contents Basic concepts and classification of raw materials Secondary material sources Rational and all- round utilization of material sources Beneficiation of raw material 2

3. Basic Concepts  3-4 tons of materials to produce 1 ton of product  Search new material sources  Cheaper and better starting materials  Recovery materials from waste  1. same process may use different materials  2.wide types of product from the same material Benzene: starting material of man made robber, polystyrene, pesticide, and etc. Methanol: used in various manufacture, e.g. Acetic and formic acid 3

4. Source of Starting Materials  Mining:  coal and tin  Petroleum and gas industries:  fuels, lubricants, synthetic fiber, synthetic rubber, plastic, detergents and a multitude of other products  Ferrous and non- ferrous metallurgy:  aromatic hydrocarbon, phenols, naphthalene, SO 2  Agricultural raw materials:  Vegetable and animals 4

5. Classification of Raw Materials OriginMineralVegetableAnimals Reserve Nonrenewable OresMineral Fossil fuels Renewable WaterAirVegetableAnimals Chemical composition InorganicOresMineralOrganicOilCoalNatural gas State of matter Solid Ores, mineral, coal, shale, peat Liquid Water, brines, oils GaseousAir, natural gas 1 2 3 4 5

6. Classification of Raw Materials Materials Primary MaterialmineralFossil fuelWaterAirSecondary MaterialCokeChemical fiberChemical rubberSynthetic dyestuffSynthetic resin 6

7. Rational and all- round utilization of material sources (16) (72) Fertilizer (142) Steel (712) Cements (934) Natural gas (1,614) Petroleum (2,664) Coal (4,273) World’ production of key materials in 1985 (million ton) Chemical fiber Synthetic resin and plastic 7

8. Beneficiation of Raw Material Gravity method Electromagnetic separation 8

9. Flotation Electrostatic separation Hydraulic classifier http://nett21.gec.jp/jsim_data/waste/waste_2/html/doc_374.html 9

10. Sources  Kiattikomol, R. Chemical process industry. Faculty of Engineer, Burapha University.  http://chem-guide.blogspot.com/2010/04/different- process-involved-in.html 10