1. The new FAIR accelerator complex at GSI: Project, Challenges, First steps Ralph C. Bär ICALEPCS, 16. October 2007

2. 2 Outline of the talk Introduction The international FAIR facility: overview, status of the project, timescale Major technical challenges for the control system Project management issues Controls Strategy first steps, present activities towards a new cs Summary

3. 3 GSI at a glance GSI is a national research center for heavy ion research in Darmstadt, Germany GSI operates a large, in many aspects worldwide unique accelerator facility for heavy ion beams. Research program: nuclear physics (CBM, structure) atomic physics plasma physics material sciences biophysics, medical application (cancer treatment)

4. 4 The international FAIR project Proposal for a major extension to the GSI accelerator facility already in 2001: FAIR project = Facility for Anti-proton and Ion Research FAIR baseline technical report: April 2006 handed to ISC Accepted as "The Project" to be realized 2007-2015 with costs notified More than 3500 pages ca. 2400 authors

5. 5 100 m UNILAC SIS 18 SIS 100 SIS 300 HESR SuperFRS NESR CR RESR Existing facility (in blue): provides ion-beam source and injector for FAIR New future facility (in red): provides ion and anti-matter beams of highest- intensity and up to high energies ESR FLAIR complex rare-isotope production target anti-proton production target EAR The FAIR accelerators

6. 6 SIS 100/300 HESR Super FRS NESR CR Improvements primary beam intensities: factor 100 – 1000 secondary beam intensities for radioactive beams: up to factor 10 000 ion beam energy: factor 15 Special features intense cooled beams of radioactive beams cooled anti-proton beams up to 15 GeV in-beam targets for experiments with high luminosity New technologies rapidly cycling superconducting magnets (SIS100: 4 T/s) electron cooling with high ion intensities and beam energies fast stochasting cooling systems in storage rings Improvements and special features of FAIR

7. 7 Germany committed funding of costs up to 75%. 25% of funds have to come from non-German partners Project costs: full version ~1190 M€ presently discussed starting version: ~ 940 M€ Project Costs and Structure Contributions will be either in cash or in-kind 94 working packages defined (e.g. cs) no final decision on work-packages up to now, awaiting expressions of interest from partners work-package takers will be fully responsible for implementation, delivery and commissioning

8. 8 Project Status Start of the International FAIR Project recent decision by German Minister Ms. Schavan: start together with all partners that will have expressed their commitment on FAIR Scope of the project (@project start) decided by ISC tomorrow (17.10.07) (presently meeting at GSI) Schedule - building activities start 2008/2009 - first experiments in 2012 (S-FRS) - completion aimed for 2015

9. 9 Major Controls Challenges (1/3) Parallel Operation  important consideration of FAIR is a high degree of parallel operation of different research programs  provide maximum integrated beam time or luminosity  up to 5 different research programs may be served in parallel  constraints: cyro system load, feedback to power grid → sophisticated coordination of the accelerators needed (timing, sequencing)

10. 10 Major Controls Challenges (2/3) High intensity operation / anti-protons  e.g. SIS100: 4x10 13 protons / 5x10 11 Uranium ( 238 U 28+ ) per cycle  special precautions in beam handling needed (low loss budget due to dynamic vacuum effects, safe settings, pilot beam functionality, procedures to safely operate the accelerator chain and to prevent damage to the machine) Fast cycling superconductive magnets  first superconductive accelerator built at GSI  SIS100 is cycling at 4 T/sec  if anything happens (beam loss, quench): need to analyze what happened (→post mortem analysis)

11. 11 Major Controls Challenges (3/3) Timing  all beam transfer in FAIR accelerator chain use bunch-to-bucket transfer mechanism  distributed systems (RF and kickers) need 100 ps synchronicity between any two receivers (→bunch synchronous timing system required) Accelerator Model  implement accelerator physics model to generate settings, tune and trim the machines  consider cross-talk of machines, persistent fields, remanent fields from previous cycles Feedback Systems  beam on target, orbit, tune,...

12. 12 Project management issues Working package "Controls" The development of the control system must be geographically based at the FAIR home institute and must not be a working-package to be taken by a FAIR partner. → controls working package will be an in-kind contribution of Germany (GSI) → coordination of all activities by GSI → clear definitions of scope, responsibilities and deliverables needed Standardization An absolute MUST: strict standardization of Controls and interfaces in particular towards external collaboration partners / work-package takers (full support of FAIR management essential). The GSI Controls group maintains full authority over collaboration partners to impose technical controls frameworks as solution.

13. 13 Control System Strategy (1/2) The present GSI control system is not adequate for the FAIR project. The expected full functionality of FAIR demands a substantial revision of the present system (performance, timing, BD DAQ limits,...) New functions shall not be retrofitted to the present system → a new control system has to be elaborated and tested on several milestones → build substantially on proven principles and solutions of the existing system The present control system (injectors) cannot be replaced (big investment) → will be modernized, obsolete technology replaced → integration of present control system (FE, middleware) into the new architecture

14. 14 Control System Strategy (2/2) No technical solution for the new control system can be presented now. new architecture shall be designed as a decentralized distributed system modular design with well defined interfaces industrial components / technologies shall be used as much as possible uniform frameworks (front-end, application layer) shall be developed and used to simplify development and ease maintenance implement and test the new architecture already with the present accelerators (deploy new architecture as upgrade program later), avoid parallel commissioning of the cs and the machines wherever possible We aim at: learning from the experience of other installations, identify proven solutions and building blocks of other systems identifying areas of cooperation (FE framework, timing, application framework) concentrate on specific and missing functionality

15. 15 Present Activities Control system requirement analysis & system design study (contract with Cosylab) Modernize present system (FE hardware, middleware, porting of application software from OpenVMS to Linux platform) Upgrade programs for present machines UNILAC and SIS-18 for higher beam intensities and higher repetition rates

16. 16 Next Steps / Outlook Evaluate other control systems / part of systems collaboration with CERN: FESA, LSA investigate industrial SCADA system of "slow controls" (cryo controls, vacuum, HV BD, civil construction,...) Interface definitions for devices and sub-systems must be worked out for compiling specification documents for FAIR partners (work- package takers) Start prototyping on the following fields: - RT equipment control - timing system - application layer software (Java)

17. 17 Summary The international FAIR project is going to be started on November 2007. A new accelerator control system for FAIR will be elaborated and implemented by GSI, integrating the present control system. The FAIR project is a challenge, both on the technical side (machine, control system) as well as on the management and the organization. On the technical level, the control system is not yet defined, wait for ICALEPCS 2009

18. 18 FAIR – Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research Austria China Finland France Germany Greece India Italy Poland Spain Sweden Russia Great Britain Romania www.gsi.de/FAIR Thank you for your attention