2. The Russian Federation, and the Newly Independent States
Physical Patterns
Eastern part of the North European Plain (European Russia)
Ural Mountains
Western Siberian Plain
Central Siberian Plateau
Steppe lands and Desert
Caucasian Mountains

3. Climate Mostly continental climates
To the south semi-arid and arid conditions
Permafrost
Makes settlement difficult

5. Important Rivers and Lakes
Volga River
Lena, Ob, and Yenisey Rivers
Caspian Sea
Aral Sea
Lake Baikal

6. Which of the following physical features separates Europe from Asia
Volga River
Aral Sea
Ob River
Ural Mountains

7. History
Slavs
Mongols
Russian Colonialism

9. Communism, as a social movement, is defined as one that seeks to:
Remove social classes and private ownership
Keep the means of production in the hands of a few
Encourage private ownership
Reject all authority

10. History
Aristocracy and serfs
World War I
Overthrow of Czar Nicholas II
Bolsheviks (V.I. Lenin)
Soviet Period
Stalin – the Marxist Czar

11. Command Economy Gosplan Socialism Industrialization
Forming Collectives
Military Build-up

12. Successes and Failures
Industrial production grew
Higher standards of living
Environmental disasters
Oppression

13. The Fall of the Soviet Union
The Cold War
Afghanistan
Glasnost (instituted by Gorbachev)
Perestroika
Soviet Union dissolved in 1991

15. Population Patterns
Birthrates
Life expectancy
Infant Mortality

20. Which of the following is true concerning quality of life since the break-up of the Soviet Union?
Personal incomes have improved
Per capita consumption of food has increased
Adult life-spans have decreased
Infant mortality has decreased significantly

21. Economic Reform “Shock Therapy”
Privatization
Lifting price controls and other regulations

22. Results Skyrocketing inflation Shortage of necessary goods
Wiped out savings accounts
Informal Economy
Corruption

23. Today's Economy
70 percent private
Growing Informal economy
Unemployment
Greater Integration with Europe, the U.S. and Asia

28. Political Reform
Oligarchies
Media Reform
Political Status of Women
Corruption
Cultural Reform
Revival of Religion and Ethnic Groups

32. Gender 70% of the registered unemployed are women Ethnic Problems
Chechnya
Migration
Irredentism

34. Environmental Issues
Thermal pollution
Deforestation
Air pollution
Water pollution
Nuclear waste

38. Aral Sea
Divergence of rivers for irrigation
Shrunk in area by 50%
In volume by 75%