1. FORM:have/has+participle
Subject + have/has+ Past Participle
We have studied English for two years
She has read two Harry Potter books.
Negative form: Subject+haven't/hasn't+past participle
They haven't cleaned the car.
She hasn't opened the window.
Interrogative: Have/has+subject+participle
Have you seen Sally this morning?
Has she talked to her boss?
FORM:have/has+participle

2. FORM:have/has+participle

3. USE
We use it:
1.-to talk about things that have happened recently with no time mentioned:
“They have bought a new house”
(When did they buy it? We don’t know when; the time is not mentioned.)The exact time is unknown or unimportant. What is important is the action.
2.-We often use it to give news:
“Sally's had her baby! “A parcel has arrived for you”

4. Present perfect
3.-With the expression “Yet”in ? and – sentences. Put “yet” at the end of the sentence:
“Have you done your homework yet?”(¿ya has hecho los deberes?)
“The film hasn't started yet”(la película no ha empezado todavía)
“He hasn't done the ironing yet”

5. “They've just arrived” (Acaban de llegar). He has just eaten.
USE
We use it:
3.-With the expression “Just ”in + sentences to say that something happened very recently. Put “just”before the main verb:
“They've just arrived” (Acaban de llegar). He has just eaten.
4.-With “already” in+ sentences to say that sth happened very recently. Put “already” before the main verb.
“I have already finished my exams” (Ya he terminado mis exámenes). He has already spoken to Sally

6. Present perfect/simple past
Present perfect; Use it to talk about a general experience in the past but we don't say when:
Eg Have you seen his new film? Yes, I have seen all his films.
Simple past; use it to talk about a specific moment in the past;
“When did you see the film?
I saw his last film last week”
Expressions we use with present perfect:
How long?¿cuanto tiempo?
Just, Already, Yet
In ages-en mucho tiempo,durante años
Ever, Never, Recently
Expressions we use with the simple past:
When..?
Two years ago
Last week, month, year...
Yesterday

7. PRESENT PERFECT/PAST SIMPLE
A child started doing his homework when he got home from school an hour ago. Now he just walked into the kitchen to ask for a small snack. His mother tells him he should go to do his homework. He replies:
“I have done my homework”
The action started in the past an hour ago and continued until he came to the kitchen. Present perfect is used to describe actions that take place between the past and the present time.

8. PRESENT PERFECT vs. SIMPLE PAST
DIFFERENCES:
Present Perfect Simple:
There’s a connection with the present:
Paul has broken his left arm (it is still broken)
Actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past:
I have been abroad many times.
Simple Past:
- Actions finished in the past:
Paul broke his arm when he was 12. (His arm is no longer broken)
Actions that happened at a specific time in the past:
Mary went abroad last Summer.

9. PRESENT PERFECT vs SIMPLE PAST
Conversations often begin in the present perfect (with a general question: have you ever or how long..?) and then change to the past simple to ask for or give specific details eg. When ,what, where,who with etc
A.-Have you ever been to London?
B.-yes, I have.
A.-when did you go there?
B.-I went last year
A.-what did you do?
I visited the British museum, I saw The London Eye and Buckingham Palace.
A.-Did you have a good time?
B.-yes, I did. London is wonderful!

10. PRESENT PERFECT vs SIMPLE PAST
A.-Have you seen the movie “the Hunger Games?
B.-yes, I have.
A.-when did you see it?
B.-I saw it last year.
A.-Did you see it at home?
No, I saw it in the cinema.
A.- What did you think of it?
B.-It was fantastic!

11. EVER/NEVER+PRESENT PERFECT
-Ever is used in questions and goes between the verb have and the past participle.
Have you ever played squash?
Have you ever travelled abroad?
Never is used to make a negative statement and goes between the verb have and the past partciple
I have never played squash
I have never travelled abroad.

12. COMPARE BEEN AND GONE
Sally has been to London (=she went to London and came back)
Sally has gone to London (=she's in London now)
Peter isn't here. He has gone shopping.
I've just been to the supermarket. Look at all the food I've bought!
I've already been to the post office so you don't need to go.