2. Essential Question (EQ): Can I identify the purpose of cellular respiration and name its inputs & outputs? Can I differentiate between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

3.  Living organisms use energy for: Synthesis (Means:___ _______.-building body parts) Reproduction Transporting materials in and out of cells Movement Temperature Control (endothermic organisms)  Which of the above processes require the most energy?

4.  Autotrophs—Convert sun’s energy to chemical energy (glucose) through photosynthesis  Heterotrophs—Eat food that contains chemical energy (glucose)  BUT—our cells cannot use glucose!! They need to convert the energy in glucose into another type of energy. What is that energy called?!

5.  Oil contains chemical energy, but it must be converted to gasoline before it can be used in a car.

6.  Glucose (food) contains chemical energy, but it must be converted to ATP (another type of energy) before our cells can use it.  In other words, ATP Is the “gas” our cells run on. ATP

7. Adenosine Tri-phosphate ATP works like a rechargeable battery.

8.  Energy is created by converting ATP to ADP. Adenine Ribose PPP 3 Phosphates Adenosine

9.  Now the battery is uncharged! P P =

10.  Likewise, by combing a third phosphate group, ADP can be converted to ATP.

11. P P P =

12.  Organisms convert glucose (food energy) into ATP (energy our cells use) through the process of cellular respiration ATP glucose sugars

13. When you eat lunch, many chemical reactions occur.

14.  In Essence, all you are doing is recharging you ATP. Because in order to do anything—flexing muscles, thinking, whatever –your immediate source of energy is ATP. Z Z Z Z Z

15. Glycolysis Pyruvic acid High Energy Electrons Krebs Cycle Electron Transport Chain Step 1: in cytoplasm Step 2: in mitochondria Step 3: in mitochondria glucose sugars O2O2 CO 2 H2OH2O Cytoplasm Mitochondria

16. C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon + Water + ATP (sugar) Dioxide 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + Energy  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Carbon Dioxide + Water + Sunlight  Glucose + Oxygen (sugar)

17.  1 molecule of glucose usually makes 36 ATP molecules 2 ATP’s during Glycolysis 34 ATP’s during Kreb’s Cycle and Electron Transport Chain

18.  Remember, O 2 is a reactant in cellular respiration. This is why we need to breathe oxygen to live (so our cell’s have energy to carry out their processes).  If oxygen is not present, then cells can use fermentation to make a LITTLE bit of ATP. (2 ATP)

19.  2 types:  1. Alcoholic fermentation: Used by yeast, and other microorganisms. The process of alcoholic fermentation is used to make beer, wine and bread.  2. Lactic Acid fermentation: Used by animals Converts glucose to ATP and lactic acid What causes the “burn” in muscles when you exercise hard.

20.  Only produces 2 ATP’s per glucose molecule instead of 36 ATP’s.  We cannot function long on lactic acid fermentation. This is why you cannot sprint when you are running a marathon.