1. ELC 200 Day 3 & 4

2. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall2 Agenda Assignment #1 Due –Students must record on all submitted materials their name, instructor name(s), course and assignment number, and date of submission. Quiz # 1 on Jan 28 –Chap 1-3 of text –15 M/C (60 Points), 4 Short Essay (40 Points) Today we’ll discuss the Internet and the World Wide Web

3. Chapter 2 The Internet and the World Wide Web

4. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall4 OVERVIEW Introduction Usage of Internet Limitations Ease of Searching Online Bulletin Board Systems vs. Pay Services Web Fundamentals Internet Language Implications for Management

5. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall5 Introduction Significance of Internet History of Internet Development World Wide Web (WWW) Internet Service Providers (ISPs) Reliability and Stability of the Web

6. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall6 Significance of Internet How much has Internet changed your company’s infrastructure? –Among 150 IT managers: Source: Informationweek, Apr. 3, 2000, p. 165.

7. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall7 History of Internet Development 30-year History since 1969 –Pentagon and Cold War Original Use: –Military installations –Universities –Business firms with defense department contracts Initial Goal: –Design a network that maintains the safe transition of data between military computers

8. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall8 Events DateEvent 1969ARPAnet 1984MILNET & ARPANET (Internet) 1980sNational Science Foundation (NSF) controlled Internet Access 1991NSF eased restrictions on Internet Access 1995U.S. government relaxed entry into Internet for the public -- Beginning of eCommerce

9. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall9 Exponential Growth in Network Bandwidth YearBandwidth 19699.6 Kbps 198554 Kbps 19871.544 Mbps (T1 speed) 198945 Mbps (T3 speed) 1995155 Mbps 1997622 Mbps 19981,024 Mbps 20002,048 Mbps Growth rate: > 210, 000 times

10. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall10 World Wide Web An organization of files designed around a group of services on Internet Programmed to handle requests from browser software resided on users’ PCs –Browser: a program that allows pictures and texts of a document to be viewed. E.g. Netscape and IE

11. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall11 Events DateEvent 03/89WWW project was originated by Timothy Berners-Lee 11/90A revised version of project by NeXT computer 03/91Release of WWW for testing 09/93Release of 1 st version of Marc Andreessen’s Mosaic by NCSA 10/93> 500 known HTTP servers in operation 10/94> 10,000 know HTTP servers in operation

12. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall12 Internet Network Architecture Backbone e.g. High-Speed Backbone Network operated by MCI Network Access Points (NAPs) e.g. New York (Sprint) Regional Networks e.g. AOL, AT&T Regional ISPs i.e. Local Providers User Level e.g. University / Corporate Networks

13. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall13 Internet Service Providers ISPs offer: –Linking consumers and businesses to Internet –Payment system for online purchases –Monitoring and maintaining a customer’s Web site –Network management and system integration –Backbone access services for other ISPs

14. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall14 Reliability and Stability of Web Internet Society (ISOC) –Works with ISPs by providing information to prospective users and attracts product developers Internet Architecture Board (IAB) –Focuses on TCP/IP and other protocols

15. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall15 Usage of Internet Marketing and selling products/services –E-commerce 1000’s of companies > $1 million sales In order of revenue –B2B, Government Agencies, Universities, B2C –Failures 2/3 out of 100,000 companies Speed of doing business –24/7

16. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall16 Usage of Internet (Cont’d) Complimenting existing brick and mortar business –‘Who we are’ Sale promotion Customer awareness Gathering opinions and trying out new ideas –Online Opinion Polls

17. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall17 Usage of Internet (Cont’d) Equal Opportunity for all Business –Allow competitions with larger companies Mass Distribution –‘Marketing heaven’ –Ease of update Paper-free Environment

18. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall18 Usage of Internet (Cont’d) Customer Service and Support Resource –Use of FAQ Efficiency and Unequaled Cost- effectiveness –For niche products / services –Provide information Managerial Tool –Use of e-mail

19. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall19 Usage of Internet (Cont’d) Logistics, Research and Development –Chat rooms, online interactive sessions –Market research firm Presence Triggers Business –E.g. B2C, B2G Good Education and Information Tool

20. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall20 Who’s Online? Source: Peterson, Andrea, ‘Lost in the Maze.’ Wall Street Journal, Dec 6, 1999, p. R6

21. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall21 Who’s Online? (Cont’d) Source: Peterson, Andrea, ‘Lost in the Maze.’ Wall Street Journal, Dec 6, 1999, p. R6

22. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall22 Limitations Security and Privacy –20% met Federal Trade Commission (FTC) standards for protecting consumer privacy –90% compliance rate by Internet companies for posting their privacy policies –FTC ‘Fair Information’ Principles: Notice/Awareness Choice/Consent Access/Participation Security/Integrity Source: Simpson, Glenn R., ‘FTC Finds Web Sites Fail to Guard Privacy.’ Wall Street Journal, May 11, 2000, p. B12

23. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall23 Limitations (Cont’d) Rash of Fake IDs –Online sale of fake identification documents –Accounts for > 30% of all fake documents in U.S. –Three levels of fake ID procurements: Sell real-looking documents in customer’s name Sell templates that allow customers to make their own phony documents Do-it-yourself counterfeiter Source: Associate Press, May 20, 2000, p. A1ff

24. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall24 Limitations (Cont’d) Threats of Hackers and Viruses –Threaten the integrity of Internet files and transactions –Hacking schools and Virus software Stressed Out Networks –Pressure to upgrade and maintain more complex networks

25. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall25 Limitations (Cont’d) Fulfillment –Merchant’s link with vendor –Responsiveness Struggling Small Business –Cost of maintaining and upgrading –Security

26. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall26 Limitations (Cont’d) Customer Relations –Heavy demand on customer service Products Having No Online Demand –E.g. Houses, cars Regulated Products –E.g. Alcohol Shortage of E-literate People

27. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall27 Ease of Searching Online Search Engines –Registration www.selfpromotion.com –Optimization http://www.bruceclay.com/web_rank.htm Bookmark Revisiting –8-second Rule

28. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall28 Bulletin Board Systems vs. Pay Services BBSes: –Allow local people to exchange information free of charge –E.g. e-mail, netnews –Through subscription, e.g. AOL, Prodigy Pay Services: –Provide e-mail, interactive talking, etc. –Include security software

29. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall29 Web Fundamentals World Wide Web (WWW) –Global hypertext network of millions of Web servers and browsers –Connected by Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) –Web pages can be designed by Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

30. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall30 Web Fundamentals (Cont’d) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) –E.g. http://www.virginia.eduhttp://www.virginia.edu –http:// - protocol –www.virginia.edu - server namewww.virginia.edu www means the network is located on a dedicated Web server somewhere Virginia is the name of the Web site requested edu indicates the site is an educational institution

31. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall31 Web Fundamentals (Cont’d) Security Protocols –Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Most widely used Developed by Netscape Communications –Secure HTTP (S-HTTP) Allows Web clients and servers to specify privacy capabilities independently of one another

32. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall32 Internet Language Provider –ISP –An organization providing an entrance ramp to Internet Browser –A software program loaded in a PC allowing user to access Internet Server –Destination point on Internet

33. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall33 Internet Language (Cont’d) Telnet –A basic Internet service allowing users to access remote computers File Transfer Protocol (FTP) –A standard protocol allowing users to copy files from computer to computer on Internet Universal Resource Locator (URL) –A standard way of giving the address of a resources on Internet that is part of WWW

34. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall34 Internet Language (Cont’d) Malicious Software –Viruses –Trojan horse A program on the surface seems to perform legitimate work, but causes damage when executed –Zombie A launching program residing in an Internet- attached computer –Worm A program replicating itself on a computer’s hard disk, slowing down the computer’s performance

35. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall35 Implications for Management Surge of E-commerce IT Job Market –850,000 IT jobs go unfilled in 2001 –Job Loyalty –Fastest growing Job Market http://www.acinet.org/acinet/oview1.asp?from=Nati onal&Level=BAplus&soccode=&stfips=http://www.acinet.org/acinet/oview1.asp?from=Nati onal&Level=BAplus&soccode=&stfips

36. ELC 200 DAY 4

37. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall37 Agenda Assignment #1 Graded –9 A’s, 3 B’s, 1 C, 2 Zeros for cheating, & 4 non- submits –Review? Quiz # 1 on Jan 28 –Chap 1-3 of text –15 M/C (60 Points), 4 Short Essay (40 Points) Today we’ll discuss the World Wide Web and Internet Architecture

38. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall38 Extra Stuff http://www.ecommercetimes.com http://www.icecc.com/ http://itmanagement.earthweb.com/ecom http://www.internetnews.com/ec-news/ http://live.emarketer.com/

39. Chapter 3 Internet Architecture

40. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall40 Overview What is a Network? IP Addresses Networks Information Transfer Cable Types Key Components of a Network Factors in Designing a Network Network Management System

41. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall41 What is a Network? A connection between at least two computers for the purpose of sharing resources Types: –Local Area Networks (LANs) –Wide Area Networks (WANs) –Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)

42. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall42 Peer-to-Peer Network Computers linked together as equals No centralized control Share resources on the same network in any way and any time Promotes institutionalized chaos < 10 computers AppleTalk and NetBIOS

43. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall43 Peer-to-Peer Network (Cont’d) Benefits –Easy to install/configure –Inexpensive –User is able to control their own resources –Independent from a dedicated server –No need for a network administrator Drawbacks –Security problems –Performance suffers when a computer is accessed –Difficult to have backup –Decentralized logon passwords –No centralized data management

44. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall44 Client/Server Network Server – designed to address a client’s request Client – any computer connected to a server within a network A cluster of computers (called clients) connected to one or more servers to form a network Allow authorized user to access any programs/application resided on the server

45. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall45 Client/Server Network (Cont’d) Benefits –Centralized security control –Simpler network administration than peer-to- peer network –Centralized password –More scalable –Ideal for computers are apart Drawbacks –Network failure - clients are helpless –Specialized staff are needed –Higher costs

46. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall46 IP Address A host number that identifies itself to other hosts Consists of strings of 32 bits E.g. 10111111 10101010 01000000 00001100 = 191.170.64.12 Host Name –Human-friendly internet addresses –E.g. ema3z.mcintire.virginia.edu

47. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall47 Networks Networks are classified by three sizes ClassBeginning Bit Bits in remainder of network part # of bits in local part Max. # of networks Max. # of hosts in network A072413616 million B10141616,00065,000 C1102182 million254

48. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall48 Numbers of Hosts # of networks # Hosts / network total Class A126 16,777,214 2,113,928,964 Class B16,382 65,534 1,073,577,988 Class C2,097,150 254 532,676,100 3,720,183,052

49. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall49 Networks (Cont’d) DNS Zone –Three-letter kind (com, gov, edu) –Two-letter kind (ca, uk, jp) –New general-purpose zones (firm, store) –Last (rightmost) part of a domain name preceded by a dot More Information at The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority –http://www.iana.org/domain-names.htmhttp://www.iana.org/domain-names.htm

50. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall50 Network Names (TLDs) AERO air-transport industry ARPA Address and Routing Parameter Area BIZ business COM commercial COOP cooperatives EDU U.S. educational GOV U.S. government INFO information INT international organizations MIL U.S. military MUSEUM museums NAME individuals, by name NET network ORG organization PRO professions

51. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall51 Information Transfer Packet –Grouping of data for transmission on a network –Large messages are split into a series of packets for transmission Protocol –A rule governing how communication should be conducted –Internet Protocol Set of rules used to pass packets Internet Architecture: Information Transfer

52. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall52 Information Transfer (Cont’d) Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) –A layered approach to networking –Each layer handles a different portion of the communication process Internet Architecture: Information Transfer Source http://www.iec.org/

53. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall53 OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Application Layer –Defines requests & response formats –Standard: HTTP Governs requests & response between browser & web server application program Other standards: SMTP, POP HTML-compatible –File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), Domain Name Service (DNS) Internet Architecture: Information Transfer

54. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall54 OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Presentation Layer –Converts data into a format the receiving application can understand Session Layer –Exchanges data for the duration of session –Keeps track of the status of exchange –Ensures only designated parties are allowed to participate in the session –Enforces security protocols for controlling access Internet Architecture: Information Transfer

55. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall55 OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Transport Layer –Manages the transmission of data across a network –Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Specifies how two host computers will work together Flow control Sequence assurance Reliability & integrity Internet Architecture: Information Transfer

56. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall56 OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Internet Layer –Routes messages across multiple nodes for delivery –Handles network congestion to minimize performance problems –Internet Protocol (IP) Standard for routing packets Internet Architecture: Information Transfer

57. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall57 OSI Reference Model (Cont’d) Data Link Layer –Packages data into frames for delivery –Point-to-point (PPP) Framing – mark boundary between packets Error detection –Ethernet Physical Layer –Converts bits into signals for outgoing messages & signals into bits for incoming messages Internet Architecture: Information Transfer

58. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall58 OSI Reference Model Internet Architecture: Information Transfer LayerInfo TransactedTCP/IP Protocols ApplicationApplication messagesHTTP, FTP, SNMP PresentationCompressed data SessionSession messages TransportMultiple packetsTCP NetworkPacketsIP Data LinkFramesEthernet, PPP PhysicalBitsWiring, cables

59. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall59 Cable Types Twisted-Pair Cable Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Optical Fiber Coaxial Cable Wireless Technology Internet Architecture: Cable Types

60. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall60 UTP Cable

61. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall61 Twisted-Pair Cable Consists of two pairs of insulated copper wires twisted around each other Advantages –Protect against cross talk & interference –Easy to add computers to network –Well understood technology –Less expensive Disadvantages –Susceptibility to noise –Least secure –Distance limitations Internet Architecture: Cable Types

62. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall62 Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Pair of wires that do not have the shielding against electrical interference Advantages –Less expensive –Easy to install Disadvantages –Vulnerable to electromagnetic interference & crosstalk –Subject to attenuation Internet Architecture: Cable Types

63. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall63 Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) An electrically grounded woven copper mesh wrapped around each twisted pair Advantage –Reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI) Disadvantage –Makes the wiring thick and is difficult to maintain Internet Architecture: Cable Types

64. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall64 Optical Fiber

65. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall65 Optical Fiber Uses light rather than voltage to indicate one and zeros Advantages –High speed transmission –High security –Smallest in size –Supports voice & video data Disadvantages –Expensive –Difficult to install –Require two cables to transmit & receive data –Require special connections Internet Architecture: Cable Types

66. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall66 Coaxial Cable

67. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall67 Coaxial Cable Copper center shielded by a plastic insulating material Advantages –Transmits up to 10Mbps over 500m –Easy to install –Low maintenance –Good resistance to noise over long distances Disadvantages –Inflexible –Low security –Limited distance Internet Architecture: Cable Types

68. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall68 Wireless Technology Microwave –Connect LANs in separate buildings Radio waves –No distance limitations –Susceptible to atmospheric and electronic interference –Subject to government regulations Infrared transmissions –Interference from bright light Internet Architecture: Cable Types

69. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall69 Key Components of A Network Network Interface Card (NIC) Hubs & Switches Routers Gateways Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network

70. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall70 Network Interface Card Installed in a slot with a cable plugged into the back Plugged into a wall jack connection or into the hub/switch directly Modem –Converts digital signals into analog form for transmission and incoming analog signals into digital signal across the telephone line Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network

71. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall71 Hubs & Switches Hub –Operates at Physical Layer –Acts as a connecting point –Passive, active, and intelligent hubs Switch –Offers direct connection to a particular PC –Available for almost every OSI level Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network

72. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall72 Routers Operate at Internet Layer Evaluate network traffic and stop local traffic from causing congestion Filter out packets that need not be received Expensive & difficult to operate Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network

73. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall73 Gateways Special-purpose computer allowing communications between dissimilar systems on the network Operate at Application Layer primarily Difficult to install & configure Expensive Internet Architecture: Key Components of a Network

74. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall74 Factors in Designing a Network Location Capacity Distance limitations Cost Potential growth Security

75. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall75 Factors in Selecting Network Architecture Hardware requirements Software requirements Disaster recovery & fault-tolerance requirements Corporate culture and organizational factors Internet Architecture: Factors in Designing a Network

76. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall76 Network Management System Manager Managed Nodes Objects Management Information Base (MIB) Requests & responses

77. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall77 Large-Scale E-commerce Issues Financial exposure IP exposure Legal security Packet sniffing

78. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall78 Ensuring Corporate and Information Security Firewalls IP Security Intrusion detection systems

79. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall79 Management Implications Technical Talents Required Programming –Procedural & Scripting –Object Oriented –Markup Languages System analysis –Needs assessment –System design and Specification –Project Management Networks –Design –Administration –Security Databases –Design –Transaction programming –Administration

80. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall80 Management Implications High demand for Technical talent –Project Management –Business Knowledge –Communication Skills –High SalariesHigh Salaries Retaining Talent –Constructive & Timely Feedback –Recognition & Appreciation –Championing Staff Causes –Support Employee Career goals –Match Industry Standards for Salary

81. Awad –Electronic Commerce 2/e © 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall81 Assignment #2 On page 66 of text, answer questions 1,2 & 3 of Web Exercises On page 102 of text, answer question 1 of Web Exercises Turn in a well formatted typed response sheet –or e-mail to me in WebCt –or e-mail to me at tonyg@maine.edutonyg@maine.edu Due Friday, January 28, at start of class