1. Chapter Ten Composing the Written Message

2. Chapter Objectives 1.Explain why apprehension related to writing is common. 2.Identify methods for alleviating tension associated with business writing. 3.Describe common problems that contribute to poor writing 4.Discuss how to avoid these problems. 5.Explain the characteristics of persuasion and persuasive communication. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

3. The Importance of Written Communication Poor writing is perceived as a reflection of A lack of dedication Weak educational background Inattention to detail Lack of industry and diligence Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

4. Why Writing Creates Anxiety Writing is work. Writers may be uncertain about their own message. Writers might not know their audience. Writers may have had prior negative experiences. Writers may have weak composition skills. Written communication creates a record. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

5. Benefits of Effective Writing Many jobs require effective writing skills. The writing process forces us to fine tune our own thinking about a topic. Writing effectively helps us: –Persuade –Advise, educate, and inform others –Make inquiries –Protect ourselves Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

6. Misconceptions About Effective Writing 1.Correct writing guarantees effective business writing. 2.The more words contained in a document, the better the document. 3.Creative writing and business writing are fundamentally the same. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

7. The Nine Steps in the Writing Process 1.Know your task. –Write down a mission statement. These statements guide your focus. They can save time in the long run. 2.Know your audience. –Helps you design more effective and appropriate messages. –Ask questions about your audience and how they might react. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

8. The Nine Steps in the Writing Process 3.Generate ideas and information. –Review your mission statement. –Brainstorm and list relevant information. 4.Place similar ideas into topical categories. –This is when you evaluate and categorize your ideas. 5.Decide on a format for sequencing. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 © (continued)

9. The Nine Steps in the Writing Process 3.Generate ideas and information. –Review your mission statement. –Brainstorm and list relevant information. 4.Place similar ideas into topical categories. –This is when you evaluate and categorize your ideas. 5.Decide on a format for sequencing. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 © (continued)

10. The Nine Steps in the Writing Process 6.Write a first draft. –Follow rules for effective writing. –Adopt a “can-do” attitude. –Allow yourself to get it wrong before getting it right. –Make a deadline for first draft. 7.Proofread and edit for readability. –Don’t rely on computers to catch all errors. –Format text so it is easier to read. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 © (continued)

11. The Nine Steps in the Writing Process 8.Polish, rewrite, and distribute. –Allow the text some time “to rest” before constructing the final version. –Have colleagues read the text if possible. 9.Follow up and evaluate. –Make sure that the receivers received, understood, and had a chance to react to your text. –This allows for you to clarify information and offers valuable feedback for future writing. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 © (continued)

12. Common Writing Problems Some of the most distracting problems include: –Run-on sentences –Poor use of commas –Unclear antecedents –Incorrect word choice –Spelling errors Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

13. Common Writing Problems Sentence fragments Use of jargon It’s and Its Use of i.e. and e.g. Redundant construction Use of nonapplicable qualifiers Misuse of homonyms Pronoun reference Absence of transitions. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 © Other common writing problems include:

14. Persuasive Messages The importance of understanding persuasion cannot be underscored. Four tasks of persuasive messages: 1.To influence others to consider changing attitudes or behaviors. 2.To change an attitudes or behaviors. 3.To reaffirm existing behaviors. 4.To persuade people to action. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©

15. Approaches to Persuasion Use yourself as a credible source Use logical arguments Use emotional appeals Consider the use of reservations (the opposition’s arguments) 1.Refute if refutable. 2.Downplay the significance of the reservation. 3.Ignore reservations as a last resort. Organizational Communication: Foundations for Business and Management, 2e Thomson, 2006 ©