1. Reforming and Fixation of Carbon Oxides in Atmospheric Pressure Non- thermal CO/CO 2 Plasmas Robert Geiger Advisor: Dr. David Staack Texas A&M Mechanical Engineering Plasma Engineering & Diagnostics Laboratory (PEDL)

2. Outline Introduction Experimental Setup Results Future Work Conclusion

3. Carbon Monoxide at Really High Pressures Lipp M J et al 2005 Nat. Mater. 4 211 V V Brazhkin 2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 9643

4. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION

5. Experimental Setup Power Supply: V max ~ 10 kV I max ~ 40 mA Freq ~ 25 – 30 kHz P ~ 40W-150W

6. Low Power Setting (~60W) Color Changes with Time and Power 30 min60 min 120min180min Hi Power Setting (~130W, 180 min) Low Power Setting (~60W, 180 min)

7. FTIR – Comparison with High Pressure Film (High Pressure Film FTIR data taken from: Lipp M J et al 2005 Nat. Mater. 4 211)

8. Film Properties C:O ~ 1.5 - 3.5 (XPS) Solubility Water (Hydrates) Insoluble Acetone Ethanol Solubility allows for spin coating and layer by layer film growth Before After Hydration C:O ~ 1.9 1.7

9. Kinetics Proposed mechanism from several sources McTaggart FK PIasma Chemistry in Electrical Discharges (1967)

10. Kinetic Model in Development Still need to add CO* reactions C(s) reactions Surface reactions

11. Kinetic Model in Development

12. CO CO2 C3O2 C3O2(p) Const T Te = 1 eV ne = 10 13 cm -3 ne = const

13. Emission Spectroscopy Angstrom CO Bands (B 1 Σ + – A 1 π) C2 Swan Bands (d 3 π– a 3 π) Herzberg CO Bands (C 1 Σ + – A 1 π)

14. Emission Spectroscopy - Temperature

15. Future Work Characterize polymers and determine their properties Complete the kinetic model and compare with experimental Determine optimum production parameters

16. Conclusion Interesting films can be formed with solely carbon and oxygen atoms These films appear similar in structure to high pressure CO polymers A kinetic model in under development The C2 swan, CO angstrom and CO Herzberg bands enables temperature measurements in the visible range

17. References Lipp M J et al 2005 Nat. Mater. 4 211 V V Brazhkin 2006 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 18 9643 McTaggart FK PIasma Chemistry in Electrical Discharges (1967) P.C.Cosby, J. Chem. Phys. 98,9560(1993). K.M.D’Amico,and A.L.S.Smith, J.Phys.D: Appl. Phys. 10,261 (1977) Questions?

18. Solubility and Hydration BeforeAfter

19. CO  CO 2 + C (gr) Metastability of CO

21. C/O ratios ranging from 1.5-3.5 XPS Ref: INSERT REF