1. Organelles that work together in the business of life and Cellular boundaries

2. Eukaryotic cells can be divided into two major parts: _________ and _________ These two parts of the cell work together in the business of life Cytoplasm is the gel-like fluid portion of the cell outside of the nucleus In our drawings, the blue background represents the cytoplasm the nucleus the cytoplasm

3. What is the role of the nucleus? The nucleus contains nearly all the cell’s DNA and with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules It will control most cell processes Prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei, but they do have DNA which has the same role

4. Nucleus nucleolus ribosomes nuclear envelope chromosome containing the cell’s DNA- only seen when the cell is dividing otherwise DNA is coiled around proteins in a structure called chromatin

5. Nucleus nucleolus ribosomes nuclear envelope nuclear pore chromosome containing the cell’s DNA- only seen when the cell is dividing otherwise DNA is coiled around proteins in a structure called chromatin

6. Cell boundaries All cells are surrounded by a barrier that separates it from its environment This barrier controls the material that enter and leave the cell It is called the cell membrane or the plasma membrane In addition to the cell membrane, many organisms have cell walls

7. Cell boundaries The main function of the cell wall is to support the cell and help it to maintain its shape; also for protection Many prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cell walls; however, animal cells do not Cell walls are porous enough to allow materials such as water, oxygen, carbon dioxide and other substances to pass through easily

9. Cell membrane (plasma membrane) Animal cell

10. Almost all cell membranes are made of a double layer called a lipid bilayer This cell membrane example is made up of phospholipid Remember: a phospholipid contains a phosphate group a glycerol two fatty acid chains Lipid bilayer Detailed view of the cell membrane

11. Remember: a phospholipid contains a phosphate group a glycerol two fatty acid chains Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing

12. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

13. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

14. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

15. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

16. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

17. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

18. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

19. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

20. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

21. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Protein

22. Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate Cholesterol Also known as a Fluid Mosaic Model It is called fluid because it is flexible and moves It is called mosaic because it is made of many different molecules Protein It is selectively permeable or semi-permeable because it allows some substances to pass across but not other

23. Almost all cell membranes are made of a double layer called a lipid bilayer This cell membrane example is made up of phospholipid Remember: a phospholipid contains a phosphate group a glycerol two fatty acid chains Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails water loving water fearing Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate Cholesterol Fluid Mosaic Model flexible and moves made of many different molecules Protein