1. Satellite Navigation Systems
1st MENTORE Event
IPSC Projects based on
Satellite Navigation Systems
IPSC - Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
G. Baldini, J. Hofherr

2. The Mission of the Joint Research Centre
… is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies.
As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union.
Close to the policy-making process, it serves the common interest of the Member States, while being independent of special interests, whether private or national.

3. Our Structure: 7 Institutes in 5 Member States
Joint Research Centre
Our Structure: 7 Institutes in 5 Member States
IRMM - Geel, Belgium
Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements
ITU - Karlsruhe, Germany
Institute for Transuranium Elements
IE - Petten, The Netherlands
Institute for Energy
IPSC - Ispra, Italy
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen
IES - Ispra, Italy
Institute for Environment and Sustainability
IHCP - Ispra, Italy
Institute for Health and Consumer Protection
IPTS - Seville, Spain
Institute for Prospective Technological Studies
~ 2800 staff ~ 300 M€/y budget
(+ 40 M€/y competitive income)

4. IPSC Focus
IPSC provides research-based, systems-oriented support to EU policies, in particular EU Security related policies (risk, anti-fraud). Two key objectives to be addressed:
Supporting the development of a European area of Freedom, Security and Justice
Contributing to the development of Global Stability and Security
The Institute maintains and develops its expertise and networks in information, communication, space and engineering technologies in support of its mission.

5. IPSC Structure Stephan Lechner DIRECTOR JAMES GRAY MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
JAMES GRAY
MANAGEMENT SUPPORT
G01
DELILAH AL KHUDHAIRY
SUPPORT TO EXTERNAL SECURITY
G02
JACQUES DELINCE
AGRICULTURE
G03
THOMAS BARBAS ff
MARITIME AFFAIRS
G04
MICHEL GERADIN
EUROPEAN LABORATORY FOR STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT
G05
ALOIS SIEBER
SENSORS RADAR
TECHNOLOGIES AND CYBERSECURITY G06
ANDRE POUCET
TRACEABILITY AND VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
G07
WILLEM JANSSENS
NUCLEAR SAFEGUARDS
G08
ANDREA SALTELLI
STATISTICS AND ECONOMETRICS
G09

6. Regulations & Standards
The definition of policy and regulations is an iterative process where many stakeholders are involved.
Government
Standardization
bodies
Regulations
Standards
Operational Needs
Research
Centers
Research
Workshops & Studies
with End Users
Pilot projects and Prototypes
Technologies
Industry
“The use of standards is a strategic tool to raise competitiveness”.

7. Why IPSC is interested to MENTORE:
IPSC and MENTORE
Why IPSC is interested to MENTORE:
Pilot projects like the ones developed in MENTORE are essential to:
Identify challenges and issues on the implementation of Applications.
Introduce feedback to the chain of regulation/standards/technology.
Identify gaps in standard and research.
MENTORE team is investigating important aspects related to the security and safety of the citizen, which is the core activity of IPSC.

8. IPSC projects
IPSC has been working for many years on a number of projects related to Tracking and Tracing:
Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Maritime Security
Livestock transportation

9. Transportation of Dangerous Goods
IPSC projects
Transportation of Dangerous Goods

10. Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Policy Context:
Framework Directives 94/55/EC and 96/49/EC are the basis.
1994/55EC Council Directive on the approximation of laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by road.
1994/55EC was amended by 1996/86/EC, 1999/47/EC, 2000/61/EC; 2001/7/EC, 2003/28/EC, 2004/111/EC, 2006/89/EC.
1996/49/CE Council Directive on the approximation of laws of the Member States with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by rail. 1996/49/CE was amended by 1996/87EC, 1999/48/EC, 2001/6/EC, 2003/29/EC, 2004/89/EC, 2004/110/EC, 2006/90/EC. Also Commission Decision 2005/777/EC of 13 October 2005 amending Decision 2005/180/EC on authorizing Member States to adopt certain derogations pursuant to Council Directive 96/49/EC with regard to the transport of dangerous goods by rail.
1995/50/EC Council Directive on uniform procedures for checks on the transport of dangerous goods by road amended by 2001/26 and 2008/54/EC.

11. Transportation of Dangerous Goods
JRC Project: SIMAGE SIstema integrato per il Monitoraggio Ambientale e la Gestione del rischio industriale e delle Emergenze
The main aim of SIMAGE Transport was to implement a pilot information system for the near real-time monitoring of vehicles carrying hazardous freight and provide early alert warnings to the competent authorities in the case of emergency associated with the dangerous goods transport.
Framework Agreement between DG JRC and the Italian Ministry of Environment
About 13.5 millions Euro

12. Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Main communication paths are:
between the control centre and the driver for emergency management needs;
between the driver and the cargo for setting up the typology of cargo, quantities carried and alarm values for the sensors;
between the cargo device and the fixed equipment for identifying the trailer and the cargo being carried;
between the fixed equipment and the control centre to indicate passage of a cargo

13. Transportation of Dangerous Goods

14. Transportation of Dangerous Goods
Conclusions:
Monitoring the transport of dangerous substances is not only a technological challenge, but also and,
perhaps more importantly, a participatory challenge.
Need for an harmonization of the rules for the transport of dangerous goods in one of piece of EU law covering road, rail and inland waterway.
Resistance by operators for adoption of tracking & tracing technologies if added-value for them and for society is not clearly identified.
Prototyping and Pilot projects are quite useful to identify challenges and issues in implementing regulations and to identify the existence or lack of appropriate standards.
An emerging issue is the standardization of messaging structures for data exchange between interested and authorized parties as well as the availability and reliability of the communication chain .

15. Monitoring of fishing vessels
IPSC projects
Monitoring of fishing vessels

16. Monitoring of fishing vessels
Problem: The oceans are being over-fished
Response: Track fishery vessels, establish no-fishing zones
How fishery vessels are being tracked
VMS: Vessel Monitoring System
Satellite based tracking system for fishery boats
Comprised of a “VMS box” on each fishing vessel AND A database application at the Fishery Monitoring Center
The VMS box includes a GPS device that is able to determine the vessel’s position
The VMS box sends a position every 1-2 hours
Problem: Fishermen don’t like to be tracked, some even cheat !
Response: Find out how to secure VMS boxes so that cheating is more difficult.
US FIPS at

17. Monitoring of fishing vessels
Policy Context:
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 2244/2003 of 18 December 2003 laying down detailed provisions regarding satellite-based Vessel Monitoring Systems
Art 6
2. In particular, the master of a Community fishing vessel shall ensure that: (a) the data are not altered in any way; (b) the antenna or the antennas connected to the satellite tracking devices are not obstructed in any way; (c) the power supply of the satellite tracking devices is not interrupted in any way; and (d) the satellite tracking devices are not removed from the fishing vessel.
3. It shall be prohibited to destroy, damage, render inoperative or otherwise interfere with the satellite tracking device.

18. Monitoring of fishing vessels
Focus of Maruse study

19. Key findings: A dishonest Fisherman’s viewpoint
Monitoring of fishing vessels
Key findings: A dishonest Fisherman’s viewpoint
Extra profit from black landings can exceed 1 million EUR over 2 years
Skippers of larger boats have considerable financial resources
Could
compromise technology
attempt to corrupt law enforcement (out of scope)
Simple GPS « fraud kit » available for EUR
Disable antenna, open box, feed into RS-232 port (« invasive »)
Sophisticated GPS signal simulators available for about 100k EUR
Connect to antenna itself (« invasive »)
Radiate towards VMS box (« non-invasive »)

20. Monitoring of fishing vessels
Why Galileo?
Galileo Differentiator for VMS
Enable adequate protection for incoming and outgoing VMS signals
Incoming authenticated signal => Galileo encrypted signal
… makes a fake signal infeasible
Galileo authentic signal
This may also be valid for AIS and LRIT systems.
Like VMS, these systems can also be used for vessel tracking.
While AIR and LRIT are used for merchant vessels instead of fishing vessels, these systems use GPS positions as well and they could be prone to tampering
In this case Galileo could also provide additional security.

21. Animal welfare in livestock transportation
IPSC projects
Animal welfare in livestock transportation

22. Community legislation was amended in 2004
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Problem
only few of the animal welfare requirements can be verified at road-side checks or after transport (retrospective)
Community legislation was amended in 2004
to ensure better enforcement of the standards, in particular by increasing the traceability of such transport operations
and new elements introduced
Navigation system for long journey animal transports (> 8 hours)
Temperature recording and warning system

23. => Implementing measures required
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Policy Context:
Regulation (EC) 1/2005 on the protection of animals during transport
Article 6(9) navigation system over long road journeys
as from 1 January 2007 for vehicles for the first time in service;
As from 1 January 2009 for all road vehicles.
Annex I appropriate navigation system allowing for recording and
providing information equivalent to those required in the journey log and concerning opening/closing of the loading flap;
Annex I temperature monitoring and recording system which alerts
the driver of the vehicle when the temperature in the animal
compartment (s) reaches the maximum or minimum limit.
=> Implementing measures required

24. Concept for the system proposed by JRC:
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Concept for the system proposed by JRC:
a largely autonomous system to control and verify animal welfare parameters during transport
a) transport times & resting times
b) temperatures
providing the possibility of on-site and real time remote access to data
to establish a connection with TRACES via TRACES certificate number

25. Principle Animal welfare in livestock transportation Communication
Decentralised remote receiver
e.g. private Service Provider
GPRS/GMS
Positioning
and time
GPS/ Galileo
Authorised user (Transporter)
Central EU wide receiver,
e.g. TRACES
Web Server
Direct download
Authorized users (authorities for animal welfare)
Remote access to data in real time

26. System characteristics:
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
System characteristics:
The On-board-unit (OBU) obtains and records at least
time and position of vehicle
temperatures in animal compartment(s)
opening/closing of loading door(s)
entering by driver
Entering of information by the driver should be limited
journey status (start, rest, resume, end of journey)
TRACES certificate number(s)
species, category, total number of animals loaded
number of animals injured or dead during journey
Data recorded and sent by the OBU are distinguished by the VIN of the vehicle, date and time when recorded

27. Where further information can be found on the proposed system?
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Where further information can be found on the proposed system?
JRC animal welfare website
Technical Specifications Report
Impact Assessment Report
Scenarios Report how it could step up the effectiveness of animal welfare controls)

28. State of play regarding technical solutions:
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
State of play regarding technical solutions:
JRC carried out laboratory and in-field tests of a system conforming to the technical specifications (recordings - downloading – data transmission to a remote receiver – transmission from a remote receiver to TRACES receiver).
Working on a second generation of navigation system which could also handle the electronic identification of animals loaded/unloaded.
A number of service suppliers for the transport industry developed systems largely conforming to the technical specifications – some are already in use.

29. Second OBU in truck & trailer; Remote transmission of recorded data.
Animal welfare in livestock transportation
Some points of the concept (and Technical Specifications) are not agreed on by all Member States:
The proposed system combines temperature monitoring and navigation systems to avoid duplication of devices and information, allowing shared use and simplification of systems;
Second OBU in truck & trailer;
Remote transmission of recorded data.