1. Food Adulteration In The Context of Bangladesh
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist?
Food Adulteration In The Context of Bangladesh
Professor Hossain Uddin Shekhar, Ph.D.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Dhaka University
31 July, 2013

2. What is Food adulteration?
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
What is Food adulteration?
Food is adulterated if its quality is lowered or affected by the addition of substances which are injurious to health or by the removal of substances which are nutritious.
It is defined as the act of intentionally debasing the quality of food offered for sale either by the admixture or substitution of inferior substances or by the removal of some valuable ingredient.
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

3. What is Food adulteration?
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
What is Food adulteration?
Food is declared adulterated if:
A substance is added which depreciates or injuriously affects it.
Cheaper or inferior substances are substituted wholly or in part.
Any valuable or necessary constituent has been wholly or in part abstracted.
It is an imitation.
It is colored or otherwise treated, to improve its appearance or if it contains any added substance injurious to health.
For whatever reasons its quality is below the Standard
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

4. Types of Adulteration Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Natural adulteration occurs due to the presence of certain chemicals , organic compounds or radicals naturally occurring in foods which are injurious to health and are not added to the foods intentionally or unintentionally
Adulterated Food
Unintentional
Microbiological contamination
Pesticide residues
Natural
Natural toxicants
Environmental contaminants
Intentional
Food additives/ preservatives
Ripening agents
Non food grade color
Use of insecticides
Unintentional adulteration is attributed to ignorance, carelessness or lack of facilities for maintaining food quality
Unintentional
Microbiological contamination
Natural toxicants (chemicals, endogenous)
Environmental contaminants (chemicals, exogenous)
Pesticide residues (chemical, exogenous)
Intentional
Food additives/preservatives
Ripening agents (carbide, ethrel)
Non food grade colour (rhodamine, fast red 5B, green PLS)
Use of insecticides (Lathermetin 10EC)
Natural adulteration:
This occurs due to the presence of certain chemicals, organic compounds or radicals naturally occurring in foods which are injurious to health and are not added to the foods intentionally or unintentionally. Some of the examples are toxic varieties of pulses, mushrooms, green and other vegetables, fish and sea foods. About 5000 species of marine fish are known to be poisonous and many of these are among edible varieties.
Intentional : Any act of adding , removing substances to food or altering the existing natural properties of food deliberately and knowingly is called intentional adulteration .

5. Press Coverage Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Press Coverage
Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Banana often taste bland as they are artificially ripened with carcinogenic chemical
The Daily Prothom-Alo
September 2, 2010

6. Press Coverage Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Press Coverage
Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Jilapi, beguni and piaju are laden with harmful color to make them attractive
Star Weekend Magazine
volume 4, issue 20, November 5, 2004

7. Press Coverage Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Press Coverage
Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Formalin is often used on imported fish to give an appearance of freshness
Star Weekend Magazine
volume 4, issue 20, November 5, 2004

8. Press Coverage Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Press Coverage
Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
A mobile court dumped the chemical soaked mangoes for
destruction after seizing those raiding a wholesale fruit market in South Jatrabari, Dhaka.
The Daily Star
May 6, 2010

9. Press Coverage Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Press Coverage
Intentional Food Adulteration: Bangladesh Scenario
Muri (puffed rice) is made white with urea
Star Weekend Magazine
volume 4, issue 20, November 5, 2004

10. Some Common Adulterants
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Some Common Adulterants
Name Of Adulterants
Why And Where Added
Health Effects
Formalin
Preservation of fish meat, milk etc.
Headaches, bronchitis, Asthma, liver injury
Urea
Enhancing brightness of rice, puppet rice, food additive for cow
Dermititis, rash in the skin, kidney and liuver damage
Amylum (polysaccharide carbohydrate)
Added to sausages as a thickening , stiffening or gluing agent
Liver disease
Sudan-1 Red color
Making brighter chili powder
Tumors in the liver and bladder
Rye flour
Added to barley, bread ,wheat flour to disguise the use of low-quality flour
Miscarriage, convulsions
All artificial colors
To soft and hard drinks to make them attractive
Can cause cancer
Lead chromate.
Turmeric powder
This leads to paralysis, anemia, brain damage and abortion.
Sodium cyclamate (banned abroad)
Sweet meat
(a hundred times sweeter than sugar)
Mostly bladder cancer
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

11. Bangladeshi Consumers: Why Worried?
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Bangladeshi Consumers: Why Worried?
In Bangladesh, an estimated 45 million people suffer from food poisoning and/or food borne diseases round the year.
60% of vegetables in Dhaka city is mixed with toxic chemicals

12. Milk and other food samples
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Bangladeshi consumers: Why Worried? (Contd..)
A random survey of food items conducted by Public Health Laboratory of DCC for the month of August 2004
Serial #
Milk and other food samples
No. of tested items
Results of the test
Remarks
Adulterated
Pure 1
Sweets 13 - 2
Sandesh 04 3
Curd 03 02 01 4
Ghee 00 5
Chana 6
Sauce 21 08
76.32% 7
Dalda/Vanaspati 8
Soyabean oil 12 06 9
Ice cream 05 10
Kalakandh
Total 76 58 18
A random survey of food items conducted by Public Health Laboratory of DCC for the month of August
Star Weekend Magazine, volume 4, issue 20, November 5, 2004

13. Source: New age, June 30 , 2013 Formalin Story
The commerce minister, Ghulam Mohammad Quader, on Saturday informed the parliament that formalin had not been imported since November 2012 till date due to regulatory measures
The minister said the government has realised Tk 3.5 crore from 2545 commercial organisations for mixing toxic chemical in food and Tk 18 lakh for mixing in fruits as compensation until June 23.

14. Formalin in Food
Source : The Daily Star, 28 July 2013 (Study conducted by PABA, Study time: June 13-July26, 2013)

15. Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2010,
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Bangladeshi consumers: Why Worried? (Contd..)
Chart percentages represent detail cause below: 23%(food borne illness): Liver diseases, jaundice, diarrhea, dysentery, TB, peptic ulcer, malnutrition, skin diseases, leprosy, arsenic, kidney, appendicitis, warm and other, 22%(indirect food and related): heart disease, stroke, blood pressure, diabetes, paralysis, tumor, cancer, 10%(infectious diseases): Chicken pox, measles, polio, fever, malaria, typhoid, influenza, diphtheria, meningitis, tetanus, gonorrhea, HIV, 18%(Asthma and related): Asthma, respiratory diseases, rheumatic fever, rheumatism, ENT diseases, 10%(Accident and related): suicide, murder, burn, snakebite, poisoning, drowning, rabies, mental diseases, drug abuse, epilepsy, pregnancy and abortion problem and the rest17% old age
Source: Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 2010,

16. Bitter Truth Rampant Adulteration Still A Havoc
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Bitter Truth
Rampant Adulteration Still A Havoc
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

17. Bitter Truth Rampant Adulteration Still A Havoc
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Bitter Truth
Rampant Adulteration Still A Havoc
Dangers lurk in every food items. From vegetables, fish, milk, fruit, sweetmeats, ice cream, to spices, nothing is safe.
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

18. Bitter Truth Rampant Adulteration Still A Havoc
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Bitter Truth
Rampant Adulteration Still A Havoc
During fiscal year , BSTI operated 1251 mobile courts and conducted 518 surveillance team business organization were found guilty and penalized 4 core 38 lacs 37 thousands 500 Taka.
The Daily Amader shomoy July 30, 2011
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

19. Country situation According to WHO
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Country situation According to WHO
The food contamination and food adulteration situation of Bangladesh is a serious public health concern. Unsafe/contaminated food causes many acute and life-long diseases, ranging from diarrhoeal diseases to various forms of cancer. However, in Bangladesh dependable assessment of the public health impact due to food contamination is not available due to absence of a regular monitoring system.
There is also widespread evidence of food adulteration with harmful chemicals. Food contamination and consumers exposure to food hazards have major implication on the food security and consumers heath in Bangladesh. Low level of awareness and weakness in existing Food laws and regulation are also contributing to aggravating the country’s food safety situation.
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

20. Causes of Vulnerability in Food Safety
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Causes of Vulnerability in Food Safety
The inadequacy of consumers knowledge
Lack of application and implementation of strict law
Lust for making profit
Natural and man made pollution
Absence of proper monitoring system
Scarcity of food (Still, 5.5 million people are lying under food-based absolute poverty line in Bangladesh)
Low purchasing capacities of both urban & rural poor
Both rural and urban poor have low incomes and thus low purchasing capacities, which increase the chances of consuming food of poorer quality that may also be unsafe. A wide range of food borne diseases (endemic----hyper-endemic---epidemic---pandemic) is encountered in Bangladesh.

21. Department/Organization
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Ministries involved
Sl. No
Ministry
Department/Organization
Major Activities 1.
Ministry of Agriculture
Plant Protection Wing, DAE
Phyto Sanitary certificate for Import/Exported plants/plant products
Pesticide Use Control
Fertilizer Use Control 2.
Ministry of Food
Directorate General of Food (DGF)
Quality Control of PFDS, Stock, Procured Food grains/Food Stuff, Imported food etc.
Food Control in the Market (not doing at present) 3.
Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
Directorate General of Health; District & Upazila Health Administration and Institute of Public Health.
Food Quality and Sanitation Control in Upazila/District level
Testing
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

22. Department/Organization
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Ministries involved
Sl. No
Ministry
Department/Organization
Major Activities 4.
Ministry of LGRD
City Corporation & Pourashava Health Units
Have Sanitary Inspector, Labs and Public Analyst for food quality control in their command areas. 5.
Ministry of Fisheries & Livestock
A) Department of Fisheries (FIQC Wing)
Fish Quality Control & Certification for export
Same for the domestic market
B) Department of Livestock
Animal Health
Animal Product
Imported Animal
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

23. Department/Organization
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Ministries involved
Sl. No
Ministry
Department/Organization
Major Activities 6.
Ministry of Industries
BSTI
Frame Standards of Food Products
Testing & Certification Marks and Surveillance. 7.
Ministry of Science, Information and Communication Technology
BAEC
Test Radiation level of Imported Food items; Pesticides Residues
IFST, BCSIR
Testing of Food Items;
Research and Development
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

24. Department/Organization
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Ministries involved
Sl. No
Ministry
Department/Organization
Major Activities 8.
Ministry of Education
DG, Primary,
DG, Secondary,
Text Book Board,
Universities
Food safety, Nutrition & Environmental issues in the text book of all level of education 9.
Ministry of Information
PIB
BTV
Radio Bangladesh
Broad cast issues for awareness building
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

25. Department/Organization
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Ministries involved
Sl. No
Ministry
Department/Organization
Major Activities
10.
Ministry of Home
Bangladesh Police
Assist the Inspection Agencies
11.
Ministry of Law, Justice & Parliamentary Affairs
Formulation, Vetting, Parliamentary Approval etc.
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

26. Department/Organization
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Ministries involved
Sl. No
Ministry
Department/Organization
Major Activities
12.
Ministry of Commerce
National Consumer Rights Protection Directorate
To protect Consumer Rights and implementation of Consumer rights protection act

27. Other Stakeholders Involve
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Other Stakeholders Involve
VOCTA Voluntary Consumers Training & Awareness Society
CAB Consumers Association of Bangladesh
Businessman
Different NGOS
Media (print & electronics)
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

28. Laws and Regulations Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
The Bangladesh Pure Food (Amendment) Act, 2005: This is an act to provide better control of the manufacture and sale of food for human consumption.
The Bangladesh Pure Food Rules, 1967:.In this Rule, there are generic standards for 107 food products. Now, this ‘Rules' is under revision.
Consumers Rights Protection Act 2009
The Special Power Act, 1974 (Act No XIV of 1974-as modified up to the 31st July, 1978
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

29. Laws and Regulations Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
The Food Grain Supply (Prevention of Prejudicial activity) Ordinance, 1956 (Ord. xxvi of 1979.
The Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (Amendment) Act, 2003
The Radiation Protection Act, 1987: Under this Act, the Institute of Food and Radiation Biology (IFRB) of Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission is primarily involved in food irradiation research and development in the country.
The Iodine Deficiency Disorders Prevention Act, 1989
Fish and Fish product (Inspection and Quality Control) Rules, 1997
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

30. Laws and Regulations Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Other Laws and Regulations: In addition, a number of other Laws and Regulations are existed in the country to ensure the safe and quality food viz. The Animal Slaughter (Restriction) and Meat Control (Amendment) Ordinance,1983 (it is under revision);The Pesticide Ordinance,1971 & the Pesticides Rules,1985;Destructive Insects and Pests Rules (Plant Quarantine),1966,amended up to 1989;Agricultural Products Market Act,1950 (revised in 1985);Fish Protection and Conservation Act,1950 (amended in 1995);Marine Fisheries Ordinance 1983 and Rules,1983;Procuremnet Specifications, Ministry of Food, Rice Mill Control Order etc.
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

31. Ray of Hope Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Safe Food Law-2013: The cabinet on July 1, 2013 approved in principle the draft of the Safe Food Law with a provision of 14-year imprisonment as the highest punishment for food adulterators.
Once the law is passed by the parliament, then it will pave the way for the formation of a new “Safe Food Authority” with adequate administrative and technical capability to ensure the quality of food during production, packaging and distribution and the law will replace the ages-old Pure Food Ordinance, 1959 and the current multi-pronged, multi-ministry controlled mechanisms of food safety issues.
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

32. Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
What Can Be Done?
To overcome the existing situations, the following measures should be taken:
Create awareness among the consumers through electronic and print media
Arrange periodical training for government officials like food inspectors, analysts etc.
Strengthening existing food quality control laboratory
Collaboration with international bodies like FAO, WHO, Codex etc.
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

33. Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
What Can Be Done?
To overcome the existing situations, the following measures should be taken:
Establishing a separate food administration authority
Updating the existing food related laws and their proper implementation
Giving administrative/financial/technical support to existing Food Laboratories and Consumer organization
This includes a number of routines that should be followed to avoid potentially severe health hazards. Food can transmit disease from person to person as well as serve as a growth medium for bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Debates on genetic food safety include such issues as impact of genetically modified food on health of further generations and genetic pollution of environment, which can destroy natural biological diversity. In developed countries there are intricate standards for food preparation, whereas in lesser developed countries the main issue is simply the availability of adequate safe water, which is usually a critical item.[2]In theory food poisoning is 100% preventable.

34. Who can bring a Change? Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Farmers & Producers
Distributors & Retailers
Consumers Group
Researchers
The Government
Both rural and urban poor have low incomes and thus low purchasing capacities, which increase the chances of consuming food of poorer quality that may also be unsafe. A wide range of food borne diseases (endemic----hyper-endemic---epidemic---pandemic) is encountered in Bangladesh.

35. Responsibilities to assure food safety
Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Responsibilities to assure food safety
Everyone on the food delivery chain (farmer, processor, vendor and consumers) must employ measures to keep food safe.
Food safety assurance requires collaboration, coordination and exchange of information among all concerned stakeholders
Consumers group should advocate for food safety
Consumers need to bring behavioral change
Researchers should conduct studies to measure existing food safety status, and provide information to the concerned implementers and decision makers.
Researchers should provide alternative approach for agricultural practices
Both rural and urban poor have low incomes and thus low purchasing capacities, which increase the chances of consuming food of poorer quality that may also be unsafe. A wide range of food borne diseases (endemic----hyper-endemic---epidemic---pandemic) is encountered in Bangladesh.

36. Conclusion Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Food safety program should be strengthened in Bangladesh and it is very much essential to improve existing food-testing laboratories as well as updating existing food safety related laws and regulations in the country including proper implementation.
Both rural and urban poor have low incomes and thus low purchasing capacities, which increase the chances of consuming food of poorer quality that may also be unsafe. A wide range of food borne diseases (endemic----hyper-endemic---epidemic---pandemic) is encountered in Bangladesh.

37. Thank you! Seminar On Food Adulteration: How To Resist ?
Both rural and urban poor have low incomes and thus low purchasing capacities, which increase the chances of consuming food of poorer quality that may also be unsafe. A wide range of food borne diseases (endemic----hyper-endemic---epidemic---pandemic) is encountered in Bangladesh.
Consumers must raise their voices through active participation in consumer organizations. If not, rights of consumers will only remain in laws and act.
Please take part in consumer movement by joining VOCTA.