1. Chapter 1

2. Section 1: The Earliest Americans
I can understand how early civilizations developed in the Americas.

3. Page 6-9
Bullet Points Page 29
I can understand how early civilizations developed in the Americas.
Most scientists believe that early people came to the Americas from Asia by way of a land bridge.
As people learned to farm, they formed permanent settlements,
The Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas built civilizations in Central America and South America.
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4. The First Americans
Many ideas (theories) about how people came to the Americas

5. Land-Bridge Theory Glaciers(thick sheets of ice) cover world
Bridge of land connected Siberia to Alaska
20-30 thousand years ago hunters go over bridge called the Bering Strait to follow their prey

8. http://www. scientificamerican. com/article. cfm

9. Other Theories
Coastal-route theory: people traveled by boat down the Pacific coast
Native Americans dispute both theories
Each tribe has their own theory

11. Learning to Farm Hunting was key to survival Animals disappear
Had to change the way they lived
Became gatherers
Nomadic- don’t live in one place

12. Don’t search for water
Irrigation (method to water crops by channeling water from rivers or streams)
Raise animals
Produce surplus (extra)
Cities develop

13. Three Civilizations
Civilization (an advanced culture in which people have developed cities, science and industries)
Mayas
Aztecs
Incas

15. Mayas Mexico and Central America Large cities
Developed the arts, a government and a written language
Mayan Calendar
Decline is a mystery

20. Aztecs Mexico City area Tenochtitlan-capital city Religion important
Practiced human sacrifice
Their army takes over more than ½ of Mexico
Harsh rulers

23. Incas Largest empire not in Europe or Asia South America
Cuzco-capital city
Road system
Builders, weavers and metalworkers

25. Section 2: Cultures of North America
I can understand how geography influenced the cultures in North America.

26. The mound builders were among the earliest cultures in North America
Page 10-15
I can understand how geography influenced the development of cultures in North America.
Bullet Points Page 29
People of North America developed varied ways of life, depending upon the environment in which they lived
The mound builders were among the earliest cultures in North America
The league of the Iroquois created a pact between warring nations in the Eastern Woodlands
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27. First Cultures of North America
Culture (ways of life)
Mississippians built first cities in North America; mound builders
Anasazi built cliff dwellings
Hohokam, highly skilled farmers

30. Ways of Life
Culture areas (regions in which groups of people have a similar way of life)

31. Meeting Basic Needs Women=gatherers Men=hunters All were farmers
Farming areas had larger populations
Trade among tribes was common
Seashells and beads=money

32. Shared Beliefs Spirits in nature and a part of their everyday lives
Storytellers-passed on history to others

33. Native Americans of North America
Far North
Harsh land
Hunted from kayaks (small boats made from skins)
Didn’t farm- too cold
Northwest
Permanent settlements
Lots of food
Didn’t farm
Potlatch (ceremony at which the hosts showered their guests with gifts)

34. Different types of housing Southwest Dry weather(most of the year)
Far West
Changing weather
Lots of food
Different types of housing
Pit houses
Cone shaped houses
Southwest
Dry weather(most of the year)
Little farming
Apartment houses made of adobe (sun-dried brick)

35. Great Plains
Big farmers in some areas
Lived in earth lodges, tepees
Hunting parties to follow the bison
Eastern Woodlands
Forests
Hunters, fishers, and gatherers
Algonquin
Iroquois
Clans (groups of families that were related to one another)
Sachem (tribal chief)

36. Southeast
Weather=mild
Farmers
Cherokees
Creeks

37. Section 3 Trade Networks of Asia and Africa
I can understand how trade linked Europe, Africa, and Asia

38. Page 16-19
I can understand how trade linked Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Bullet Points Page 29
The Muslim world linked Asia to Africa and Europe through trade
Various trading states emerged in both East Africa and West Africa
China dominated East Asian trade along the Silk Road
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39. The Muslim Link to Trade
Started trade routes
Linked Europe, Africa and Asia

40. Rise of Islam Trade helped religion grow and spread
Muhammad (prophet and founder of Islam)
Taught one true God
Quran- sacred book of Islam

41. Advances in Learning Contributions to math, medicine and astronomy
Developed algebra
Developed technology

42. East African Trade Centers
Zimbabwe connected east coast trading with the center of Africa
Taxed traders
Kilwa (trading center) in East Africa

43. West African Trade Centers
Ghana (trading center) in West Africa
Traded a lot of gold and salt
$$$
Mali-new empire, becomes center of learning

44. The East Asian Link in Trade
China unified
Linked by highways, canals and postal system
Trade centers grew into cities in China

45. World Traders Chinese had higher level of technology
Invented printing with movable type
Navigators- Navigation (the science of locating the position and plotting the course of ships)
Invented the magnetic compass

46. Spice Trade and the Silk Road
Silk Road= great trade route of the ancient times
Series of roads
Brought trade in from the Middle East and Europe

50. Section 4 The European Heritage
I can understand the major influences that shaped European civilization.

51. Page 22-27
I can understand the major influences that shaped European civilization.
Bullet Points Page 29
Judaism and Christianity formed the foundation for religious beliefs.
Greece and Rome shaped ideas about democratic government
After the Middle Ages, Europeans began to look beyond their boundaries
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52. Judaism Monotheistic (believes in only one God)
Started by the Israelites
Everyone must obey God’s laws, no matter what or who you are

53. Christianity Jesus (Jewish teacher, seen as a savior chosen by God)
Christianity is the belief that Jesus was sent by God to save the world
Beliefs: love, mercy, forgiveness, and salvation (everlasting life)
Threat to the Romans at first

54. Athenian Democracy
Athens= direct democracy (form of government in which an assembly of ordinary citizens makes decisions
Adult males could participate
Depended on well educated citizens

55. Roman Government and Law
Republic (form of government in which people choose representatives to govern them)
Elected a senate and assembly to make laws
Laws said that everyone was equal under the law
Innocent until proven guilty

56. The Middle Ages
Feudalism (system in which a ruler grants parts of his land to lords)
Lords then give military service and $$ to ruler if needed
Catholic Church popular and center of learning

57. The Crusades Holy wars Catholic pope wanted the Holy Land back
Failed

58. The Renaissance Rebirth of learning Science and invention grew
Gutenberg invented the printing press
Trade routes switch to the Atlantic Ocean

59. The Reformation
Martin Luther (German monk who wanted to reform the Catholic Church)
Started a movement away from the Catholic Church
Protestant churches emerge

61. An Age of Exploration Begins
Henry the Navigator (led the new era of exploration)
Wanted to spread Christianity and Portuguese power
Center of exploration at Sagres
Vasco da Gama (Portuguese sailor)
Made a trade route around the tip of Africa