1. Works of J. R. R. Tolkien Introduction

2. Connection with modern world Loss of nature (wind, water as power) Loss of meaning (religion) Two reactions: Depth of our Fall – meaning lost woe is us (James Joyce) Meaning still there, we need to find Romantic, quest (D.H. Lawrence)

3. Tolkien as Author of 20 th Century Tom Shippey’s book Represents modern themes Wasteland Heart of Darkness Need for alliances Responsibility for all (3 rd World countries)

4. Tolkien as Author of 20 th Century Necessary themes for today Importance of Friendship Honor and integrity Every man is necessary Need for Fantasy

5. Tolkien’s view of Fantasy “On Fairy Stories” Written as speech Four purposes Fantasy, Recovery, Escape, Consolation Two opportunities Explore time and space Commune with other living things

6. Tolkien’s purpose To write a mythology for England To write the kind of stories he liked to read

7. Tolkien’s heroes Traditional Modern

8. Tolkien’s view of Fantasy “On Fairy Stories” Written as speech

9. Tolkien’s view of Fantasy “On Fairy Stories” Written as speech