1. HAPPY THURSDAY List your 3 Genetic Modifications from your Sweet Potato Farm. How would it be possible for future potato generations to keep the same traits of your genetically modified potatoes. RECOMBINATION

2. Buff Binder Check

3. Happy Thursday Get out I.A.N on Page 45 and copy down EXACTLY what you see on the board. Make two/three columns. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. Name: 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

4. Today’s Activity: Review Stations You will work with a partner and answer the questions in the hallway. You MAY use your notes. Be sure to fill out the correct answers on the correct stations. You must complete each station—right or wrong—to receive ANY credit for today’s grade.

5. 1. _______________ is defined as change in a gene pool over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

6. 2. _______________ contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

7. 3. _______________is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

8. 4. _______________ is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

9. 5. An _______________ is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

10. 6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process _______________. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

11. 7. _______________ is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

12. 8. According to the principle of _______________, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

13. 9. The following phrases are from a game of telephone. Which biology concept(s) does this illustrate? 1.Dark forest 2.Dark force 3.Damp forest 4.Dan put forest

14. 10. A population of tortoises inhabits an island filled with small shrubby bushes and vegetation that is located off of the ground. Within the population of tortoises are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring?

15. 11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight an nasty sinus infection. The 10 day prescription kills 99% of the bacteria. The patient feels better but in a few days their infection is back from the remaining bacteria reproducing. Explain why the doctor would not prescribe the same antibiotic.

16. 12. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when resources are limited.

17. 13. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations reproduce slowly

18. 14. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when competition is minimal

19. 15. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations have many genetic variations

20. 16. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur for each situation. A.Limited amount of food supply B.Decreased competition for mates C.Reduced material and space for shelter D.Increased fighting for resources

21. 17. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

22. 18. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

23. 19. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs.

24. 20. Which type of selection is modeled by the blue and green lines? a. Stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive

25. 21. In shallow water among rocks light-colored oysters are less easy for a predator to see because they match the rock color. Dark-colored oysters blend into the shadows cast by the rocks. Intermediate-colored oysters are most heavily preyed upon by the crabs, and very light and very dark oysters survive to reproduce Which type of selection is modeled above? a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive

26. Sad, but True 22. It is well known that early mortality is common for extreme birth weights. Both very large and very small infants suffer high mortality rates. This is an example of ______________ selection. a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive

27. 23. Why are mutations important in all species?

28. 24. Which of the following is not evidence of a common ancestor? Vestigial Structures Same biogeography Similar embryonic structures Similar gene sequences Similar prey Homologous structures

29. 25. Which of the following can not be learned from the fossil record? (2 answers) Where an organism lived The ancestors of organisms The chronological order of their existence The full range of their variations The climate in which they existed All the different species that existed

30. 26. Name that term! What do we call the geographical distribution of a species?

31. 27. Which of the following does not apply to Natural selection? (4 answers) Survival advantage Survival disadvantage Phenotype Genotype Choice traits/adaptations Change in Individuals Acquired traits Variety Competition Over Reproduction Inherited Traits Sudden Change Change in Populations Mutations

32. 28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a “maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this scenario? (hint: today’s bellwork)

33. 29. Short answer Why is variation important in a species?

34. 30. A wildflower population consisting of blue, purple, and pink flowers is subjected to a mudslide that kills most of the blue ones. As time progresses, blue flowers eventually die out, leaving only purple and pink wildflowers. This is an example of A. Bottleneck effectB. Speciation C. Genetic driftD. Gene Flow

35. 31. How does Genetic Drift differ from natural selection?

36. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 32. The North American kangaroo rat, Australian hopping mouse, and North African and Asian jerboa have developed adaptations for hot desert environments; these include a small rounded body shape with very large hind legs and long thin tails, a characteristic bipedal hop, and nocturnal, burrowing and seed-eating behaviors.kangaroo rathopping mouseNorth Africanjerboabipedal

37. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 33. The Afrikaner population of Dutch settlers in South Africa is descended mainly from a few colonists from the Netherlands. Today, the Afrikaner population has an unusually high frequency of the gene that causes Huntington’s disease, because those original Dutch colonists just happened to carry that gene with unusually high frequency.

38. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 34. A human foot evolved to be very different from a monkey's foot, despite their common primate ancestry. It is speculated that a new species (humans) developed because there was no longer was a need for swinging from trees. Upright walking on the ground required alterations in the foot for better speed and balance. These differing traits soon became characteristics that evolved to permit movement on the ground. Although humans and monkeys are genetically similar, their natural habitat required different physical traits to evolve for survival.monkeyshabitat

39. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 35. American bison were once very prevalent in North America, but were hunted close to extinction in the late 1800's. Though the population is recovering, the rapid decrease in population size has led to a population with very little genetic variability

40. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 36. One single rough-skinned newt produces enough toxins to kill 100 humans. So you would think that nothing could eat these animals, but you would be wrong! Common garter snakes are able to eat these newts. Over time, these snakes have become resistant to the toxins of these newts.

41. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 37. As the result of a catastrophic earthquake, many brown-haired people are killed, but a proportionately lower number of blonde-haired people are killed, resulting in the births of more blonde-haired babies.

42. Answer key

43. 1. evolution is defined as change over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

44. 2. Darwin contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

45. 3. artificial selection is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

46. 4. fitness is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

47. 5. An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

48. 6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process natural selection. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

49. 7. descent with modification is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

50. 8. According to the principle of common descent, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

51. 9. The following phrases are from a game of telephone. Which biology concept(s) does this illustrate? evolution 1.Dark forest 2.Dark force 3.Damp forest 4.Dan put forest

52. 10. A population of tortoises inhabits an island filled with small shrubby bushes and vegetation that is located off of the ground. Within the population of tortoises are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring? Long necks

53. 11. A type of antibiotic is used to fight an nasty sinus infection. The 10 day prescription kills 99% of the bacteria. The patient feels better but in a few days their infection is back from the remaining bacteria reproducing. Explain why the doctor would not prescribe the same antibiotic. The 1% of bacteria that survived was immune and passed on the “immunity trait” to the new population of bacteria. (natural selection)

54. 12 - 15. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false 12. Natural selection will occur more quickly when resources are limited True 13. Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations reproduce slowly False 14. Natural selection will occur more quickly when competition is minimal False 15. Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations have many genetic variations False

55. 16. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur. Limited amount of food supply Yes Decreased competition for mates No Reduced material and space for shelter Yes Increased fighting for resources Yes

56. 17. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Spines protect from predators, no leaves (stores water in the plant), etc.

57. 18. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Smell discourages predators, coloring discourages predators

58. 19. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs. People only bred wolves with traits they wanted (cuteness, tameness, etc). Over many generations wolves evolved into dogs.

59. 20. Which type of selection is modeled by the blue and green lines? a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive

60. 21. In shallow water among rocks light-colored oysters are less easy for a predator to see because they match the rock color. Dark-colored oysters blend into the shadows cast by the rocks. Intermediate-colored oysters are most heavily preyed upon by the crabs, and very light and very dark oysters survive to reproduce Which type of selection is modeled above? a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive

61. Sad, but True 22. It is well known that early mortality is common for extreme birth weights. Both very large and very small infants suffer high mortality rates. This is an example of ___________ selection. a. stabilizing b. directional c. disruptive

62. 23. Why are mutations important in all species? Mutations are the source of new traits.

63. 24. Which of the following is not evidence of a common ancestor? Vestigial Structures Same biogeography Similar embryonic structures Similar gene sequences Similar prey Homologous structures

64. 25. Which of the following can not be learned from the fossil record? (2 answers) Where an organism lived The ancestors of organisms The chronological order of their existence The full range of their variations The climate in which they existed All the different species that existed

65. 26. Name that term! What do we call the geographical distribution of a species? Biogeography

66. 27. Which of the following does not apply to Natural selection? (4 answers) Survival advantage Survival disadvantage Phenotype Genotype Choice traits/adaptations Change in Individuals Acquired traits Variety Competition Over Reproduction Inherited Traits Sudden Change Change in Populations Mutations

67. 28. Scientists at Texas A&M University have discovered how to insert a “maroon gene” into the genetic material of a Bluebonnet that causes it to grow maroon-colored. As this flower reproduces, it forms additional maroon flowers. Which evolutionary process is represented in this scenario? (hint: today’s bellwork) Recombination

68. 29. Short answer Why is inherited variation important in a species? It is essential for natural selection to result in a new species.

69. 30. A wildflower population consisting of blue, purple, and pink flowers is subjected to a mudslide that kills most of the blue ones. As time progresses, blue flowers eventually die out, leaving only purple and pink wildflowers. This is an example of A. Bottleneck effectB. Speciation C. Genetic driftD. Gene Flow

70. 31. How does Genetic Drift differ from Natural Selection? Genetic Drift are organisms dying by chance. Natural Selection is organisms being selected by nature/environment for specific traits that are well adapted to that habitat.

71. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 32. The North American kangaroo rat, Australian hopping mouse, and North African and Asian jerboa have developed adaptations for hot desert environments; these include a small rounded body shape with very large hind legs and long thin tails, a characteristic bipedal hop, and nocturnal, burrowing and seed-eating behaviors.kangaroo rathopping mouseNorth Africanjerboabipedal

72. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 33. The Afrikaner population of Dutch settlers in South Africa is descended mainly from a few colonists from the Netherlands. Today, the Afrikaner population has an unusually high frequency of the gene that causes Huntington’s disease, because those original Dutch colonists just happened to carry that gene with unusually high frequency.

73. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 34. A human foot evolved to be very different from a monkey's foot, despite their common primate ancestry. It is speculated that a new species (humans) developed because there was no longer was a need for swinging from trees. Upright walking on the ground required alterations in the foot for better speed and balance. These differing traits soon became characteristics that evolved to permit movement on the ground. Although humans and monkeys are genetically similar, their natural habitat required different physical traits to evolve for survival.monkeyshabitat

74. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 35. American bison were once very prevalent in North America, but were hunted close to extinction in the late 1800's. Though the population is recovering, the rapid decrease in population size has led to a population with very little genetic variability

75. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 36. One single rough-skinned newt produces enough toxins to kill 100 humans. So you would think that nothing could eat these animals, but you would be wrong! Common garter snakes are able to eat these newts. Over time, these snakes have become resistant to the toxins of these newts.

76. A. Founder Effect B. Bottleneck effect C. Co-Evolution D. Convergent Evolution E. Divergent Evolution F. Genetic Drift 37. As the result of a catastrophic earthquake, many brown-haired people are killed, but a proportionately lower number of blonde-haired people are killed, resulting in the births of more blonde-haired babies.