1. 1. _______________ is defined as change over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

2. 2. _______________ contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

3. 3. _______________is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

4. 4. _______________ is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

5. 5. An _______________ is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

6. 6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process _______________. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

7. 7. _______________ is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

8. 8. According to the principle of _______________, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

9. 9. The following phrases are from a game of telephone. Which biology concept(s) does this illustrate? 1.Dark forest 2.Dark force 3.Damp forest 4.Dan put forest

10. 10. A population of giraffes inhabits an area filled with tall trees and vegetation that is located high off of the ground. Within the population of giraffes are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring?

11. 11. Copy the following sentence with the correct answer choice. Natural selection happens (quickly/slowly) and occurs in (individuals/populations).

12. 12. A brand of fire ant poison claims to kill all ants in two applications. The first application of the poison killed 74% of the fire ants. Three months later, the poison was reapplied but only killed 39% of the remaining fire ant population. Explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the ant poison.

13. 13. Imagine that a small island holds a population of lizards that are all the same (have the same traits). Now imagine a strong storm sweeps some of the island lizards over to the mainland. On the mainland, there are new ecosystems for the island lizards to explore. In these new ecosystems, they meet new populations of lizards (with new traits) that they can now breed with. What might happen with regards to the variation that could be created within the population of island lizards? (more, less, no change)

14. 14. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when resources are limited

15. 15. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations reproduce slowly

16. 16. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when competition is minimal

17. 17. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations have many genetic variations

18. 18. Write a one sentence summary for the following passage. You are most likely aware that not every plant is adapted to survive in every ecosystem. Plants are specialists and thrive in environments that they are best adapted to, but could die in the wrong environment. A cactus would die in a wetland. A palm tree would freeze during a winter.

19. 19. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur. Limited amount of food supply Decreased competition for mates Reduced material and space for shelter Increased fighting for resources

20. 20. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

21. 21. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment?

22. 22. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs.

23. 23. Explain the following graph as it relates to natural selection and evolution.

24. 24. Define inherited variation

25. Answer key

26. 1. evolution is defined as change over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

27. 2. Darwin contributed more to our understanding of evolution than anyone else. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

28. 3. artificial selection is selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

29. 4. fitness is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

30. 5. An adaptation is any inherited characteristic that increases an organism’s chance of survival. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

31. 6. Individuals with characteristics that are not well suited to their environment die. Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully. Darwin called this process natural selection. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

32. 7. descent with modification is a principle that each living species has descended, with changes, from other species over time. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

33. 8. According to the principle of common descent, all species – living and extinct – were derived from common ancestors. artificial selection natural selection homologous structures vestigial organs Darwin Lamarck adaptation evolution common descent descent with modification fitness biological diversity

34. 9. The following phrases are from a game of telephone. Which biology concept(s) does this illustrate? evolution 1.Dark forest 2.Dark force 3.Damp forest 4.Dan put forest

35. 10. A population of giraffes inhabits an area filled with tall trees and vegetation that is located high off of the ground. Within the population of giraffes are individuals with short, medium, and long necks. Which of the individuals will leave behind the most offspring? Long necks

36. 11. Copy the following sentence with the correct answer choice. Natural selection happens (quickly/slowly) and occurs in (individuals/populations).

37. 12. A brand of fire ant poison claims to kill all ants in two applications. The first application of the poison killed 74% of the fire ants. Three months later, the poison was reapplied but only killed 39% of the remaining fire ant population. Explain the decrease in the effectiveness of the ant poison. The ants that survived the first poison passed on that trait to their offspring (natural selection).

38. 13. Imagine that a small island holds a population of lizards that are all the same (have the same traits). Now imagine a strong storm sweeps some of the island lizards over to the mainland. On the mainland, there are new ecosystems for the island lizards to explore. In these new ecosystems, they meet new populations of lizards (with new traits) that they can now breed with. What might happen with regards to the variation that could be created within the population of island lizards? (more, less, no change)

39. 14-17. Copy the statement and indicate if it is true or false 14. Natural selection will occur more quickly when resources are limited True 15.Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations reproduce slowly False 16.Natural selection will occur more quickly when competition is minimal False 17.Natural selection will occur more quickly when populations have many genetic variations False

40. 18. Write a one sentence summary for the following passage. You are most likely aware that not every plant is adapted to survive in every ecosystem. Plants are specialists and thrive in environments that they are best adapted to, but could die in the wrong environment. A cactus would die in a wetland. A palm tree would freeze during a winter. Plant populations adapt to survive in different environments.

41. 19. Indicate (Y/N) if the situation would cause natural selection to occur. Limited amount of food supply Yes Decreased competition for mates No Reduced material and space for shelter Yes Increased fighting for resources Yes

42. 20. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Spines protect from predators, no leaves (keeps in water), etc.

43. 21. How is the organism in the picture adapted to its environment? Smell discourages predators, coloring discourages predators

44. 22. Explain how humans caused wolves to evolve into dogs. People only bred wolves with traits they wanted (cuteness, tameness, etc). Over many generations wolves evolved into dogs.

45. 23. Explain the following graph as it relates to natural selection and evolution. Choosing only large or small fish to remove from the tank changes the gene pool, which changes the average size of the fish over time.

46. 24. Define inherited variation children have different characteristics than their parents and each other.