1. Science and Technology in Era of Global Integration Mohammed Sadeqi Presented at University of Denver 11 January 2006

2. Outline Evolution of Science & technology Evolution of Science & technology -Pre industrial revolution -Post industrial revolution Developmental Performance Indexes Developmental Performance Indexes Path toward technological advancement and technological dependence. Path toward technological advancement and technological dependence. Conclusion Conclusion

3. Evolution of Science & Technology Pre-Industrial Revolution Science and Technology Was Controlled by the Authority of States Science and Technology Was Controlled by the Authority of States Science and Technology was answering philosophical Questions. Science and Technology was answering philosophical Questions. Science and Technology was used as tools of war and forced domination. Science and Technology was used as tools of war and forced domination. During that era, general public to a large extent were not the primary beneficial of the Technological advancement. During that era, general public to a large extent were not the primary beneficial of the Technological advancement. R&D WAS BASICALLY MANAGED BY GOVERNMENT "PUBLIC RESEARCH" R&D WAS BASICALLY MANAGED BY GOVERNMENT "PUBLIC RESEARCH" After the Industrial Revolution Science and Technology Directly Linked to the Economy and Business. Science and Technology Directly Linked to the Economy and Business. General public are effected and are benefiting from technological advancement. General public are effected and are benefiting from technological advancement. R&D WAS MANAGED BY BOTH GOVERNMENTS AND PRIVATE SECTOR. R&D WAS MANAGED BY BOTH GOVERNMENTS AND PRIVATE SECTOR. Some countries made the transition quickly others were slow and fell behind. Today we have about four types of countries:- Some countries made the transition quickly others were slow and fell behind. Today we have about four types of countries:-

4. Universal Educational Index Ave. years in school illiteracy rate % No. of Region 200019921970TotalFemaleMaleIlliteratesMillions ----6.14.7--9.63.91.63.45.25.42.31.68.811.1----3.82.1--7.327.148.438.714.712.244.940.41.4-34.758.151.021.313.156.847.41.8-19.438.426.98.511.333.531.70.8-835.8167.457.7196.640.8399.0132.14.4- Developing Countries Least Dev. Countries Arab Region East Asia Latin America South Asia Africa East Europe & CIS OECD

5. Economic Performance Patent granted to residents per million people GDP Per capita Annual growth rate GDP Per capita PPP $ GDP (Billions) US$ PPP$ Regions 90-0075-00200020002000 N/AN/A11N/A266103289994N/A3.11.39.14.10.71.73.12.21.11.22.30.38.13.20.32.02.62.02.71.23,7831,2163,9762,3584,79323,57029,91834,14226,7557,44617,438669.45,0192,3951,05026,5251349,6133,39444,0026,059178.51,08045760325,558161.89,837.44,84130,971 Developing countries Least developed China (96) India (124) Arab States OECD Norway (1) United State (6) Japan The world

6. Measures of Effective R&D Referenced paper/ million of population Referenced Papers Active Researchers Countries 42.9979.917.2338.630.120.040.030.020.070.010.5310,481523280169531311111466,21117,02824,96311,6172,25529,50915,5583,7821,915362884USASwitzerlandAustraliaIsrael Rep. Korea IndiaChinaEgyptKSAAlgeriaKuwait

7. Technology Use Index Internet host/k people Mobile/k people Telephone/k people Regions 200019902000199020001990 0.7-0.1-0.292.0101.1295.217.8-----8.519.3231.752366438459751398121-0-0-10462127861123277524532700163213663539250254599 Developing countries Least developed China (96) India (124) Arab States OECD Norway (1) United State (6) The world

8. International Declaration on Human Development: Global Inequality UN General Assembly in year 2000 declared the millennium goals to be achieved by year 2015:- 1. Achieve universal primary education 2. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger 3. Promote gender equality 4. Reduce child mortality. 5. Improve maternal health 6. Combat HIV/AID, malaria and other diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability. 8. Develop a global partnership for development.

11. Conclusion However we look at this issue, it comes down to the fact that we as people are and will continue to be more and more inter- depended on each other in meeting the survival challenges of the future. We must recognize the importance of co-existing to uphold the principles of human dignity and equality among nations, and not to condone the monopoly of science and technology by the few to enslave the majority. This can only lead our world to anarchy and chaos. Science and technology in this new era of global integration offers enormous potential developmental benefits. However, they will not be realized unless more of the world s population are actively included.