1. Classical India

2. Representations of the Buddha – Image #1

3. Footprints of the Buddha

4. The Swastika su = good asti = to be and ka = making

5. Image #2

6. Classical India Critical Thinking Question 2. Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism all emerged in India during this period. How did each one appeal to certain groups of people? Identify specific aspects of each faith that were attractive to those groups.

7. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Political Centralization The Mauryan Empire (321-185 B.C.E.) Under Chandragupta Maurya & Ashoka Maurya - Arthashastra - built roads, collected taxes, displayed Rock and Pillar Edicts - size of bureaucracy led to the fall of the empire

8. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Political Centralization

9. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Political De-centralization The Gupta Empire (320-550 C.E.) Under Chandra Gupta - leaves local government and administration to regional leaders - invasions by the nomadic White Huns & the usurping of power by regional leaders causes downfall.

10. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Economics Agricultural basis - Ashoka built irrigation canals Manufactured goods Cotton, spices, & gems Long-distance and maritime trade - monsoon system facilitates trade

11. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Religion in India Hinduism - Aryans recognize 4 main castes - practices of early Brahmins The Bhagavad Gita Dharma, Samsara, & Moksha

12. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Religion in India Buddhism - The Four Noble Truths - The Eightfold Path - dharma The Turning of the Wheel of Law Nirvana is ultimate goal does not recognize class distinctions

13. Ch.9 – State and Society in India http://www.eduplace.com/kids/socsci/books/applications/imaps/maps/g6_u7/

14. The Spread of Buddhism

15. Ch.9 – State and Society in India Social Structure in India The Caste System stratifies society - places males at top as priests Jati or subcastes are created Heavily patriarchal Reinforced by literature - Mahabharata & Ramayana

16. PART 1 – Questions for Analysis 1. Compare and contrast the Gupta and Mauryan Empires politically. What factors account for the fact that large centralized empires did not “take hold” in India as they did in other parts of the classical world? 2. Jainism, Buddhism, and Hinduism all emerged in India during this period. How did each one appeal to certain groups of people? Identify specific aspects of each faith that were attractive to those groups. PART 2 – Making Connections Explain the relationship between each of the following pairs. How does one lead to or foster the other? Be specific in your response. a. jatis & the Silk Roads b. the White Huns & the Yellow Turbans