2. David Frank Our leader Sean Cindy Michael

3. We got two biomes…… One is frozen cold in winter and cool in summer The other is warm in winter and hot in summer

4. Tundra Tundra usually discovered in high latitude or high altitude, there is small groups of animals can live on it, not only because of the climate, but the soil

5. Temperate Grassland Temperate grassland may seem more comfortable, nice climate, nutrition rich soil. So, many types of animals can be discovered.

6. Michael’s Time…..

7. The word comes from Russian, which means treeless mountain tract.

8. location Tundra is identified by permafrost, mostly in 66.5°N, or 66.5°S in far north side of North American, Russia, The north pole and Europe. And island near the south pole.

9. temper ature The temperature during winter can always be -40~- 45 ℃ or even colder than that. the highest temperature can reach 18 ℃ during summer time Water is short in Tundra, and usually are snow and ice. They would melt when it's getting warmer, and provide water supply

10. Living Things In physical geography, tundra is a biome where the tree and animals growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The breed of animals isn't that much, but the number can be very large. Some of them will migrate during different seasons The living things there usually grows slow because of the weather and nutrition

11. what is permafrost permafrost is soil at or below the freezing point of water 0 °C (32 °F) for two or more years and can reach hundreds meter below the ground. It's a mixture of soil and ice (or snow), and ice will melt when the temperature goes high, in order to provide the soil with enough water resource. Remember this, or John will kill you….

12. David’s Time…..

13. Abiotic Factors Animal Life Plant Life

14. Strong winds Long cold dark winters Short and soggy summers Low precipitation permafrost

15. The types of plants are poor The community structure is easy. The plants are usually perennial Most of the plants are evergreen Most of the plants are short The plants are low-growing NO! Too much to remember!!! Don’t cry! There are three pictures for you as a present!

16. Animals often migrate Animals often have adaptation Animalia is single The variety is poor Easy, right? It’s the same thing as the plants! No picture this time!

17. Sean’s Time…..

18. When we heard this, we may imagine…….>>> THIS…… On internet, we see …….>>> This............ BEAUTIFUL! I think so!

19. Are you kidding?

20. Ok, time to go!

21. Two huge temperate grassland. -Eurasian steppe. -North American grasslands. Temperate grassland is a communities that plants are mostly grass. In this kind of area, soils are always fertile and ideal.

22. 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 Not so beautiful, but you need remembe r.

23. Look at me you will remember better about the animals! NOT BED

24. Frank’s Time…..

25. Its rainfall is not so much, it is only about 200-500mm and has a large variability. It always concentrated in the summer. Average annual temperature is -3 ～ 9 ℃, accumulated temperature is 1600 ～ 3200 ℃.The lowest average temperature of a month is -7 ～ 29 ℃. Understand? If you do not, I’ll scare you at midnight!

26. The type of soil is chernozem. This rich soil makes it ideally suited to agriculture and tall grassland ecoregions. This part is easy! I think so!

27. Temperate Grasslands is a suitable for animals to live, like Mongolia rabbit, fox, wolf, antelope, rat, dog, etc. I want pictures! Don’t cry! Here it is!

29. You guys must remember what this group has told you, or I and my wife will go to meet you, tonight…….