2. Motivating Students in Distance Education Association for Educational Communication & Technology National Convention November 14, 2002

3. Distance Education

4. Dropouts Finance Finance Lack of time Lack of time Isolation Isolation Self discipline Self discipline Lack of motivation Lack of motivation

5. Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivation A R C S

6. A ttention A ttention R C S

7. Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivation A ttention A ttention R elevance R elevance C S

8. Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivation A ttention A ttention R elevance R elevance C onfidence C onfidence S

9. Keller’s ARCS Model of Motivation A ttention A ttention R elevance R elevance C onfidence C onfidence S atisfaction S atisfaction

10. Attention

11. Attention Perceptual Arousal Perceptual Arousal

12. Attention

13. Attention Inquiry Arousal Inquiry Arousal

14. Attention Perceptual Arousal Perceptual Arousal Inquiry Arousal Inquiry Arousal Variability Variability

15. Attention Perceptual Arousal Perceptual Arousal –Put something in upside down to get attention.

16. Attention Perceptual Arousal Perceptual Arousal –Put something in upside down to get attention.

17. Attention Perceptual Arousal Perceptual Arousal –Animation, videos

18. Attention Inquiry Arousal Inquiry Arousal –Discussion questions

19. Attention Variability Variability –Use a variety of instructional strategies –Vary the assignments: essay, discussion, chat…

20. Attention Your Ideas Your Ideas

21. Relevance Goal Orientation Goal Orientation Motive Matching Motive Matching Familiarity Familiarity

22. Relevance Goal Orientation Goal Orientation –Include a course map –Review course map periodically

23. Relevance Motive Matching Motive Matching –Make sure visuals are relevant to student and topic.

24. Relevance Motive Matching Motive Matching –Get to know your students quickly & use their names frequently.

25. Relevance Motive Matching Motive Matching –Respond to discussion messages quickly –In large chats, have students “raise hands”

26. Relevance Familiarity Familiarity –Use familiar terms for course components and assignments »Class sessions »Homework »Bulletin Board »Lecturette

27. Relevance Familiarity Familiarity –Invite a well-known “speaker”

28. Relevance Your Ideas Your Ideas

29. Confidence Learning Requirements Learning Requirements Success Opportunities Success Opportunities Personal Control Personal Control

30. Confidence Learning Requirements Learning Requirements –Orientation to class and to technology

31. Confidence Learning Requirements Learning Requirements –Detailed objectives & grading criteria grading criteriagrading criteria

32. Confidence Learning Requirements Learning Requirements –Examples of assignments »Good examples »Poor examples with correctional feedback

33. Confidence Success Opportunities Success Opportunities –Early access to material. –Early use of tools. –Establish learning communities.

34. Confidence Personal Control Personal Control –Personal/Professional profile

35. Confidence Personal Control Personal Control –Allow chat time for off-topic & social interaction. –Disappearing group member: file a “Missing Person Report”

36. Confidence Your Ideas Your Ideas

37. Satisfaction Natural Consequences Natural Consequences Extrinsic Rewards Extrinsic Rewards Equity Equity

38. Satisfaction Natural Consequences Natural Consequences –Authentic assignments that can be used in the learners’ contexts. –Conferencing with experts in the field

39. Satisfaction Extrinsic Rewards Extrinsic Rewards –Use first names or nicknames –Use reinforcing phrases –Learning communities

40. Satisfaction Extrinsic Rewards Extrinsic Rewards –Personal email, motivational messages

41. Satisfaction Equity Equity –Work for course is attainable »Review the requirements –Course completion by distance is of equal value to completion F2F

42. Satisfaction Your Ideas Your Ideas

43. Dropout Prevention A ttention A ttention R elevance R elevance C onfidence C onfidence S atisfaction S atisfaction