1. NGO STICHTING BAKENS VERZET (“ANOTHER WAY”) NETHERLANDS MODEL FOR SELF-FINANCING, ECOLOGICAL, SUSTAINABLE, LOCAL INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS Part Two Architecture of projects under the Model in fourteen slides

2. 1.Anthropological justification (Source : Diamnond J, Guns, germs and steel, Vintage, London, 1998) First level : hunter-gatherers -family clans or tribes : First level : hunter-gatherers -family clans or tribes : A few hundred people- usually 150-250 Everybody knows everybody A few hundred people- usually 150-250 Everybody knows everybody Formed in Mesopotamia about 13.000 years ago. Formed in Mesopotamia about 13.000 years ago. First cultivation. First cultivation. For integrated development projects : tank commission level For integrated development projects : tank commission level Second level : chiefdoms – groups of clans Second level : chiefdoms – groups of clans A few thousand people – usually 1000-2500. Some strangers tolerated. Often formed by conglomerates of clans. A few thousand people – usually 1000-2500. Some strangers tolerated. Often formed by conglomerates of clans. Arose about 7.500 years ago. Arose about 7.500 years ago. More extended cultivation. More food, larger groups. Some specialisation of duties. More extended cultivation. More food, larger groups. Some specialisation of duties. For integrated development projects : well commission level. For integrated development projects : well commission level. Third level : states Third level : states Tens of thousands of people – ideally (Aristotle) 50.000 Tens of thousands of people – ideally (Aristotle) 50.000 Arose about 3.500 years ago. Arose about 3.500 years ago. Extended specialisation of activities. Extended specialisation of activities. For integrated development projects : project level For integrated development projects : project level

3. 2. Schematic view of a project area Project level (50.000 people) Well-commission level (1.500 people) Tank-commission level (250 people) One per project About 35/project About 200/project Numbers are rarely critical NGO Stichting Bakens Verzet Netherlands

4. 3. The project orchestra The orchestra ( 50.000 people) Instrument groups (1.500 people) Individual players (250 people) One per project About 35/project About 200/project Conductor (Project coordinator) Concert manager (main consultant) Lighting specialist (consultant 2) Sound specialist (consultant 3) ONG Bakens Verzet Netherlands

5. 3. The Chain of Responsibility

6. Tank commissions Well commissions Project level Tank commissions Well commissions Project level Health clubs/hygiene education Management of well sites Supervision and statistics Health clubs/hygiene education Management of well sites Supervision and statistics Drinking water Drinking water supply back-up Maintenance & statistics Drinking water Drinking water supply back-up Maintenance & statistics Family sanitation Washing places Training for housewives Family sanitation Washing places Training for housewives Rainwater harvesting Water sampling Water testing Rainwater harvesting Water sampling Water testing Local money assistants Registration local money Local money statistics Local money assistants Registration local money Local money statistics transactions Inter-project relations transactions Inter-project relations Collection of contributions Conflict resolution Collection of contributions Conflict resolution Collection of loan repayments Conflict resolution Collection of loan repayments Conflict resolution About 60% of micro-credit grants About 25% micro-credits About 15% of grants About 60% of micro-credit grants About 25% micro-credits About 15% of grants First-level social safety net Second level social safety net Project-level safety net First-level social safety net Second level social safety net Project-level safety net Production bio-mass for local use Production of mini-briquettes Statistics Production bio-mass for local use Production of mini-briquettes Statistics Nurse Doctor Local hsopital Nurse Doctor Local hsopital Primary school Secondary school Trade schools, Primary school Secondary school Trade schools, propadeuse for University propadeuse for University Lighting for study purposes Radio-telephone links Local radio station Lighting for study purposes Radio-telephone links Local radio station Sports clubs Intermediate facilities Project level competition Sports clubs Intermediate facilities Project level competition Theatres, cultural groups Physical Facilities Cultural circuits Theatres, cultural groups Physical Facilities Cultural circuits Personal food storage facility Cooperative food storage Export/import cooperatives Personal food storage facility Cooperative food storage Export/import cooperatives 4. Project structures at each level (A few typical examples)

8. 6. The well commissions

9. 7.Central Committee Level Comprises one member chosen by each of about 35 well commissions 7.Central Committee Level Comprises one member chosen by each of about 35 well commissions SOME TYPICAL TASKS Ownership and management of the central project offices and depot. Ownership and management of the central project offices and depot. Coordination of ownership and management of decentralised project structures. Coordination of ownership and management of decentralised project structures. Coordination and management of all issues for which neither the tank commissions nor the well commissions are directly responsible. Coordination and management of all issues for which neither the tank commissions nor the well commissions are directly responsible. Liaison at project level with, and support for, the local social, financial, service, and productive structures set up. Liaison at project level with, and support for, the local social, financial, service, and productive structures set up. Settlement of project-related conflicts. Settlement of project-related conflicts. The central project management is responsible by default for any project-related service or obligation for which no specific provision is available in the project organisation. The central project management is responsible by default for any project-related service or obligation for which no specific provision is available in the project organisation.

10. 8. Management lines For various structures and services 8. Management lines For various structures and services THREE LEVELS Tank commission Well commission Project Management STRUCTURES (EXAMPLES) Social structures Social security structures Local money structures Cooperative development fund Interest-free micro-credit structures Health structures Education structures Cooperative purchasing funds Waste recycling structures

11. 9 : Getting started 9 : Getting started

12. 10. Auditing structures 10. Auditing structures

13. 11. Bank structures

14. 12. Cash flow diagram

15. 13. Diagram of project structures