1. Ch 11. Integrated Architecture for Wireless Myungchul Kim mckim@icu.ac.kr

2. Architectures and Integration for Wireless Architecture and Integration Concepts Practical examples An architectural vision A framework for discussion Mobile Application architectures and Integration The role of Middleware and Mobile Computing Platforms Network Architectures and Integration

3. Wireless Phone Network A Sample Architecture Wireless Gateway Enterprise Application Server DBs Web Server Internet Gateway and Firewall Public Internet 802.11 Network

4. Concepts Architecture; –Components –What do they do –How do they interface/work with each other Integration –Minimizes the effort needed to use Integrated architectures: combine the two Major challenge: A “service” that runs seemlessly across cellular (1G, 2G,3G) WLANs Wired networks

5. Framework for Discussion M-Business and Mobile Applications (SMS, MMS, Voice, M-commerce) Wireless Communication Networks (WLANs, Cellular, WLLs, Satellites) Wireless Infrastructure Mobile Computing Platforms - Wireless Middleware (WAP, I-Mode, J2ME) - Mobile Platform Services (Mobile OS, Utilities) Wireless Internet and Mobile IP Network interfaces Handoffs Multirate cards Roaming Support through Mobile IP Shield the app. developers from the network heterogeneities Provide consistent user interfaces for seamless operations.

6. What is needed Physical Communication Level (Layer 1 and 2) –Multirate cards (GSM, GPRS, 802.11) in devices –Interfaces between different types of networks –Handoffs, roaming support between multiple systems TCP/IP –Mobile IP –TCP handoff issues Middleware for integration –WAP, I-mode, etc –Mobile application servers (e.g., Oracle9iAS-wireless) Application and user interfaces –microbrowsers, wml –backend systems

7. Framework for Discussing Integration Converters (e.g. EDI to XML, WML to HTM)L) Business Processi Modeling (e.g., Workflows) B2B Process Modeling (e.g., ebXML, BPEL, Rosettanet) Integration Value Network Connectivity Application Connectivity Information Transformation Internal Process Management Cross-Enterprise Integration Wireless/Wired Network Transport (GSM, 802.11, 3G, Ethernet, FDDI ATM) eAI Layers of Integration Solution Technologies Middleware (Mobile IP, WAP, I- mode, CORBA, Web Services)

8. Vertical Versus Horizontal Integrations App1 Platform1 Network1 Integrated Physical Network App1 Platform1 a). Total Vertical Integration b). Horizontal Integration at Network Level App 2 Platform2 Network2 App2 Platform2 App1 Network1 c). Horizontal Integration at Platform Level App 2 Network2 Integrated Platform + IP Platform1 Network1 Platform2 Network2 Integrated Applications d). Horizontal Integration at Application Level

9. An Architectural Vision Content Provider Web Content Enterprise Databases Office LAN (802.11) Home LAN (802.11) Home LAN (Bluetooth) Cellular Cell (GSM, GPRS) Hotspot LAN (802.11) Content Provider Web Content Enterprise Databases Content Provider Cellular Cell (3G) Wireless and Wired WAN

10. Examples Architectures of a service that include wired with wireless Custom sales management system that runs on hand-held computers by linking its applications with its back-end sales system. A wireless solution that wrap around existing applications (accounting, inventory management or customer service software). Integration of wireless with wired networks Integration of legacy wireless (e.g. 1G with 3G)

11. Data Network Voice Over IP Wireless Phone Network Positional and Voice Commerce Wireless Gateway Computer+ GPS Wireless Phone+GPS GIS/Map Voice Portal Wireless Phone Enterprise Application Server Partner Network APPs DBs 802.11 LAN (office or a hotspot) Web Server Public Internet

12. Mobile Apps App Architecture WAP Gateway Web Server Content (XML/HTML) Databases and Applications HTML/XML WML VoiceXML Gateway VoiceXML Web Gateway (CGI, Servlet,ASP, JSP)

13. Business Logic Tier Local (user dependent) business logic Enterprisebusiness logic (business Components) Back-end Databases General Application Architectures External Resources (Databases, Applications Resources Tier Back-end APPs User (Presentation)Tier Resource Server (Back-end Integration) User Tier (Front-end Integration)

14. Airforce Portal WAP Gateway Web Server Content (XML/HTML) Databases and Applications HTML/XML WML VoiceXML Gateway VoiceXML Web Gateway (CGI, Servlet,ASP, JSP) Device Tier

15. The Role of Wireless Middleware Hide the underlying wireless/wired issues Transformation: Convert between two contents (HTML to WML) Detection and adjustment: Wireless middleware products can detect different devices and can optimize the wireless data output according to device attributes. Compression. Middleware products can use various data- compression algorithms to minimize the amount of data being sent over the wireless link. Security: Wireless middleware should ensure end-to-end security from handheld devices to application servers. Message delivery: Middleware can perform message storage and forwarding should the user get disconnected from the network. Operation support: Middleware should offer utilities and tools to allow MIS personnel to manage and troubleshoot wireless devices.

16. Mobile Application Servers -- Collection of Middleware Services

17. Integrated Wireless Network Architecture

18. Wireless gateways and protocol converters Example: 802.11 a and 802.11b networks in the same building. How can user be transparent, if a 802.11a device needs to be handled by an 802.11b AP, then a 11a-to-11b protocol converter would be needed. It would convert frequencies, etc. another choice is to let the 802.11 a devices talk to 11a AP, and another one is 11b. then a multi-protocol router could handle the traffic yet another choice is to run ip on top of both and then ip hides the underlying differences.

19. Gateways (protocol converters) Objective: convert one or more protocol to another –Can connect two dissimilar networks together (translates one network architecture to another) –Can cover one layer or many layers Examples: – Token Ring to Ethernet Protocol converters –LAN gateway: connects a LAN to connect to host (e.g., Novell/MS Gateways to SNA)

20. Air Force Portal Directories Firewall HTTP Application Tier Device Access Tier Device Tier Wireless Gareway (WebSphere)

21. Web Services Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) WSDL, UDDI, Policy, Inspection Security, Reliable Messaging, Transaction, Coordination SOAP (Logical Messaging), XML (Encoding), Other Services Business Processes Description Quality of Service Transport and Encoding

22. Mobile Web Services Third Party Services Mobile Network Services Payment Services Authentication Service Security Credentials (e.g., SIM) Third Party Resources Client Application Subscriber (Service Consumer) Service Provider (Third-Party) Mobile Network Operator Sx Client Platform Sx,R Sx, Px Sx Sx,Px,B

23. Summary Architecture and Integration Concepts Practical examples An architectural vision A framework for discussion Mobile Application architectures and Integration The role of Middleware and Mobile Computing Platforms Network Architectures and Integration