1. Status of IEEE 1451- A Suite of Smart Transducer Interface Standards for Sensors and Actuators November 28, 2006 Kang Lee kang.lee@nist.gov

2. What is the IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface Standard?  An industry open sensor interface standard  Objective is to provide a set of common interfaces for connecting transducers (sensors or actuators) to a network  Supports wired and wireless connections  Defines Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) enables self- identification and self-describing of sensors  Provides a framework for a distributed system architecture Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) API Transducer Interface Module (TIM) SensorsActuators Network Physical Interface (wired or wireless) TEDS

3. Transducer Electronic Data Sheets (TEDS) A TEDS contains manufacture-related information about the sensors(s), such as manufacturer ID, type of sensor, measurement range, calibration parameters, and many more… Example TEDS:  Meta-TEDS  provides the characteristics of the entire Transducer Interface Module (TIM)  manufacturer’s identification, model number, serial number, revision number, date code, product description, …  Transducer Channel TEDS  provides the characteristics of a single transducer channel  lower and upper range limits, physical unit,…  Calibration TEDS  provides the parameters to convert data to/from engineering units  last calibration date-time, multinomial coefficient, …  Geographic Location TEDS  location of the sensor according to OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) specifications

4. IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface System Approach 1451.X Transducer Interface Module (TIM) ADC DAC D I/O ? XDCR Address Logic XDCR = sensor or actuator Physical parameters to be measured Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Transducer Interface (wired or wireless) Any Network A mix of up to 255 sensors & actuators in a TIM 1451.1 Smart Transducer Neutral Model 1451.0 Common Commands

5. Family of IEEE 1451 Standards

6. Proposed Web Services for IEEE 1451 for Interoperability

7. WSDL-based Smart Transducer Web Service Interoperability

8. Successfully Deployed WSDL file

9. Status of the Suite of IEEE 1451 Standards Network Accessible Layer  IEEE Std 1451.1-1999, Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) Information Model for smart transducers -- Published standard, to be revised  IEEE P1451.0, Common Functions, Communication Protocols, and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats -- being resolved for recirculation Physical layers  IEEE Std 1451.2-1997, Transducer to Microprocessor Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats -- Published standard, being revised  IEEE Std 1451.3-2003, Digital Communication and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats for Distributed Multidrop Systems -- Published standard  IEEE Std 1451.4-2004, Mixed-mode Communication Protocols and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats – Published standard  IEEE P1451.5, Wireless Sensor Communication and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS) Formats – submitted to IEEE RevCom for Review  IEEE P1451.6, A High-speed CANopen-based Transducer Network Interface – In progress  IEEE P1451.7, RFID Interface – PAR (project authorization request) being developed

10. A Basic RFID System A Basic RFID System RFID: tags, readers, and IT infrastructure Tag returns unique ID code plus maybe additional data Tag = chip + antenna RF signal Detailed product information from secure web- accessible databases via a network Tag Reader

11. Sensors and RFID Systems Play Key Roles in Supply Chains  Improved world-wide supply chain transparency  Increasing use will continue to push down costs  Support multiple applications – pathway to future  Standardization is needed to lower cost and facilitate trade ABC B – RFID Antennas and Cables A – RFID Reader C –Sensors and Other Infrastructure Sensors and Tag placed in product A small part of the entire supply chain

12. Sensors and RFID Systems in Supply Chains Source: EPCglobal ** ** Standardized sensor interfaces **

13. Integration of Sensors and RFID Creates Unique Business Opportunities Rationale: In manufacturing, production, defense, homeland security, and supply chain systems,  RFID tag tells what a product is, but does not tell what condition it has been gone through throughout its life cycle.  Sensor(s) tell the condition of a product by measuring temperature, vibration, presence of chemical and other relevant parameters  Combining tags and sensors could expand the overall functionality and capability of the RFID systems.  Networking RFID can realize the same benefits of wireless sensor mesh networks.  Universal RFID and sensor standards ensure interoperability and are necessary for successful RFID deployments worldwide, for ex: ease the processing of secure cargo containers shipped worldwide.

14. NCAP Wireline and Wireless Sensors Coexist in a Network TIM NCAP TIM

15. Challenges/Questions Can IEEE 1451 be a basis for RFID tag/sensors ?  For active tags  In a collaborative business environment, the tags on products communicate and share data with each other. In the network, each RFID sensor node, or tag, can collect data and transmit it to any other node in the network.  IEEE 1451’s distributed sensor architecture is such that each NCAP can communicate with each other.  Each tag transmits not only its unique ID number but also details of its environment and content.  IEEE 1451 sensor’s TEDS contains an UUID (unique identification number) and sensor data tell the environment that it monitors.

16. Coordination with ITU, ISO, and EPCglobal on Sensor-enabled RFID  Establish liaison with ITU-T and IEEE 1451 on future sensor integrated networked RFID standards development.  Establish liaison with ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC31/WG4 and IEEE 1451 on sensors and RFID standards.  Coordinating with ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC31/WG4/SG1 on integrating IEEE 1451 TEDS ideas with:  ISO/IEC 15961, Standard on RFID for Item Management – Data Protocol: Application Interface  ISO/IEC 15962, Standard on RFID for Item Management – Data Protocol: Data encoding rules and logical memory functions  ISO/IEC 15963, Standard on RFID for Item Management – Unique ID of RF Tag  ISO/IEC WD 24753, Standard on Information technology - Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item management - Application protocol: encoding and processing rules for sensors and batteries  Exploring coordination with EPCglobal on the future Gen III RFID standard, which will include sensors interfaces.

17. Example: ISO/IEC WD 24753 - Integrating Sensors and Tag Examine adding sensor(s) to a battery-assisted tag  Using existing RFID air interface to pass sensor(s) data to the host Detailed product information from secure web-accessible database Tag returns unique ID code + sensor(s) data Tag = chip + antenna RF signal Tag Reader Sensor(s) and interface electronics

18. Key Points  IEEE 1451 Smart sensor interfaces are open industry sensor networking standards.  RFID and sensors are key enabling technologies for supply chain in the not so distance future.  Networking sensors (wired and wireless) is the enabling technology for remote sensing, internet access, and tracking.  Fixed and mobile sensors are needed to augment RFID in applications.  Unifying smart and wireless sensor standards and RFID standards is essential to achieve interoperability.  Interoperability is the key of success for RFID.

19. For More Information  Contact: Kang Lee at kang.lee@nist.govkang.lee@nist.gov  IEEE standards can be purchased at http:// ieee.orghttp://  IEEE 1451 websites: 1451: http://ieee1451.nist.govhttp://ieee1451.nist.gov 1451.0: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/0 1451.4: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/4 1451.5: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/5http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/5 1451.6: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1451/6  IEEE 1588 website: http://ieee1588.nist.gov, Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systemshttp://ieee1588.nist.gov