1. www.ieagreen.org.uk Building the Pipeline Infrastructure (GHG/07/49) Cost curve studies for North America and Europe completed to date indicate that you need a big pipeline network to connect all sources to stores Europe: 150,00 km of pipelines required Investment cost of €15bn North American study indicated that careful thought was needed on how network was built to avoid stranding sources

2. www.ieagreen.org.uk Building the Pipeline Infrastructure Currently focusing on 12 demonstrations projects before 2012. After that time we may need several thousand projects Aim of study is to look post 2014 to implementation Help guide future thinking so that pipeline network does not become a barrier to wide scale implementation

3. www.ieagreen.org.uk Outline Scope of the Study -1 Study to focus on 4 areas Financing and timing Regulatory needs Legal issues Transboundary issues

4. www.ieagreen.org.uk Outline Scope of the Study - 2 Financing and timing. In absence of a CO 2 market how can such a project be financed? Intuitional lenders Consider existing business models Norwegian sector Aim to compare and contrast and identify most likely cases for different regions Case study approach could be used Consider how long such an infrastructure will take to build and then set a time line to fit global GHG mitigation needs

5. www.ieagreen.org.uk Outline Scope of the Study - 3 Regulatory developments Only USA has a developed framework and an extensive CO 2 pipeline network (2,400km) so far Study will consider how regulations might differ in regions Population density Routing issues Easier to follow existing rights of way but are their issues with CO 2 ? Planning issues In many countries natural gas pipelines getting preferential planning treatment will this be the same for CO 2 pipelines

6. www.ieagreen.org.uk Outline Scope of the Study - 4 Legal issues Jurisdictions – national/international boundaries Access rights – third part access Ownership of equipment Monitoring and verification for CER’s and apportionment of fugitive emissions Assignment of liability – cross boundary cases Abandonment cost apportionment Responsibility for monitoring/surveillance Transboundary issues Impurities in CO 2 Basel convention

7. www.ieagreen.org.uk Collaboration with other Groups Other groups to link/discuss with include: EC Zero Emission Platform UK/Norway North Sea Basin Task Force Gasunie, Netherlands Regional Partnerships, USA? DNV Weyburn Project Possible financial support

8. www.ieagreen.org.uk Building the Pipeline Infrastructure Committee is asked to: Approve proceeding with the study Suggest possible contractors Suggest expert reviewers for the study report Resources: Financial – Average Management – Average