1. Chapters 16 and 17 1.Fourth-declension nouns 2.Fifth-declension nouns 3.The locative case 4.The passive voice: present, imperfect, and future 5.The ablative of agent

2. 1. Fourth-declension nouns declensiondefining characeristicexamples 1a rēgīna, -ae f. queen poēta, -ae m. poet NO NEUTER 2u (originally o) cf. Greek phil-os) amīcus, -ī m. friend FEW FEMININE (humus, -ī f. ground) consilium, -iī n. advice 3consonant sol, sōlis m. sun vōx, vōcis f. voice animal, animālis n. animal 4u currus, -ūs m. chariot NO FEMININE cornū, -ūs n. horn 5e speciēs, speciēī f. sight NO MASCULINE OR NEUTER

3. 1. Fourth-declension nouns: The Temple of Saturn, Roman Forum Senatus populusque Rōmānus incendiō consumptum [templum] restituit

4. 1. Fourth-declension nouns declined casesingularplural NOMvult-usvult-ūs GENvult-ūsvult-uum DATvult-uīvult-ibus ACCvult-umvult-ūs ABLvult-ūvult-ibus vultus, vultūs m. manus, manūs f. Masculine (and feminine) Neuter genū, genūs n. casesingularplural NOMgen-ūgen-ua GENgen-ūsgen-uum DATgen-ūgen-ibus ACCgen-ūgen-ua ABLgen-ūgen-ibus *most fourth- declension nouns are masculine!

5. 1. Fourth-declension nouns declined casesingularplural NOMdom-usdom-ūs GENdom-ūsdom-uum DATdom-uīdom-ibus ACCdom-umdom-ōs ABLdom-ōdom-ibus domus, domūs f. domus, domūs f. is a fourth- declension noun but borrows some forms from the second declension

6. 4. Fourth-declension nouns senātus populusque Rōmānus [nom. sg.] the Senate and the Roman people cavē Īdūs Martiās [acc. pl.] Beware the Ides of March in nomine patris, filiī, et spīritūs sanctī [gen. sing.] In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit dē consulātū suō [abl. sing.] on his consulship Some phrases with fourth- declension nouns

7. 2. Fifth-declension nouns declensiondefining characeristicexamples 1a rēgīna, -ae f. queen poēta, -ae m. poet NO NEUTER 2u (originally o) cf. Greek phil-os) amīcus, -ī m. friend FEW FEMININE (humus, -ī f. ground) consilium, -iī n. advice 3consonant sol, sōlis m. sun vōx, vōcis f. voice animal, animālis n. animal 4u currus, -ūs m. chariot NO FEMININE cornū, -ūs n. horn 5e speciēs, speciēī f. sight NO MASCULINE OR NEUTER

8. 2. Fifth-declension nouns declined casesingularplural NOMrēs GENreī [diēī]rērum DATreī [diēī]rēbus ACCremrēs ABLrērēbus rēs, rēi f. diēs, diēi m. Feminine (and masculine* ) fidēs, fidēi f. casesingularplural NOMfidēs- GENfideī- DATfideī- ACCfidem- ABLfidē- *all fifth-declension nouns are feminine, except diēs, m., day, and meridiēs, m., noon After a consonant, the genitive and dative singular ending is –eī rather than ēī *other than rēs and diēs most fifth- declension nouns do not appear in the plural

9. 4. Fifth-declension nouns rēs pūblica [nom. sg.] the republic diēs īrae [nom. sg.] days of wrath in mediās rēs [acc. pl.] Into the middle of things prīmā faciē [abl. sg.] at first appearance Pūnica fides [nom. sg.] Punic trustworthiness Some phrases with fifth- declension nouns

10. 3. The locative case RELATIONS OF PLACE PLACE WHEREPLACE TO WHEREPLACE FROM WHERE Usually expressed by in + ablative Usually expressed by ad or in + accusative Usually expressed by ab, dē, or ex + ablative in hāc urbe, in this city oppidum in insulā positum, a town situated on the island ad istum fundum, to that estate in Āfricam nāvigāvit, he sailed to Africa dē monte, down from the mountain ex Āfrica, out of Africa cum ā vōbis discesserō, when I will have left you

11. 3. The locative case The Locative 1 st decl.2 nd decl.3 rd decl.4 th decl.5 th decl. -ae -īs Rōmae, at/in Rome Athēnīs, at/in Athens -ī -īs humī, on the ground bellī, in war -ī or –e -ibus rūrī, in the country (from rūs, rūrīs n.) --- domī, at home -ē -with certain words (names of towns and small islands, domus and rus, inter alia) the locative case is used to express place where -these words, when used to express place to where and place to which, usually take the appropriate case without a preposition Rōmam, to Rome Rōmā abesse, to be absent from Rome domum, (to) home domō, from home http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIAdHEwiAy8

12. 4. Taking stock of your new verb forms personnumbertensevoicemood 1 st 2 nd 3 rd singular plural present imperfect future perfect pluperfect future perfect active passive indicative subjunctive imperative infinitive participle

13. 4. The passive voice The Active and Passive Voice ACTIVE VOICEPASSIVE VOICE -the subject of an active verb is performing the action: “they eat” -a verb in the passive voice expresses what is done to the subject of the verb -subject becomes the recipient/sufferer of the action: “they are being eaten” -only transitive verbs have a true passive sense: what could the passive forms of currō, I run, or vīvō, I live, possibly mean? Transitive Sentence Pattern: Subject – Verb – Accusative DO Puer patrem amat, the boy loves his father. Passive Sentence Pattern: Subject – Passive Verb Pater amātur, the father is loved *the direct object of the transitive sentence becomes the subject; the subject of the transitive sentence is not expressed (“mistakes were made”) ducit militēs, he leads the soldiers militēs ducitur, the soldiers are led

14. 4. The passive personal endings ActivePassive -ō -r -s -ris, -re -t -tur -mus -mur -tis -minī -nt -ntur

15. 4. The passive voice: present PRESENT INDICATIVE ACTIVE amō, amāremoneō, monēre vincō, vincerecapiō, capereaudiō, audīre amō amās amat amāmus amātis amant moneō monēs monet Monēmus Monētis monent vincō vincis vincit vincimus vincitis vincunt capiō capis capit capimus capitis capiunt audiō audīs audit Audīmus audītis audiunt PRESENT INDICATIVE PASSIVE amō, amāremoneō, monēre vincō, vincere capiō, capere audiō, audīre amor amāris amātur amāmur amāmin ī amantur moneor monēris monētur monēmur monēmin ī monentur vincor vinceris vincitur vincimur vincimin ī vincuntur capior caperis capitur capimur capimin ī capiuntur audior audīris audītur audīmur audīmin ī audiuntur

16. 4. The passive voice: imperfect IMPERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE amō, amāremoneō, monēre vincō, vincerecapiō, capereaudiō, audīre amābam amābās amābat amābāmus amābātis amābant monēbam monēbās monēbat monēbāmus monēbātis monēbant vincēbam vincēbās vincēbat vincēbāmus vincēbātis vincēbant capiēbam capiēbās capiēbat capiēbāmus capiēbātis capiēbant audiēbam audiēbās audiēbat audiēbāmus audiēbātis audiēbant IMPERFECT INDICATIVE PASSIVE amō, amāremoneō, monēre vincō, vincere capiō, capere audiō, audīre amābar amābāris amābātur amābāmur amābāmin ī amābantur monēbar monēbāris monēbātur monēbāmur monēbāmin ī monēbantur vincēbar vincēbāris vincēbātur vincēbāmur vincēbāmin ī vincēbantur capiēbar capiēbāris capiēbātur capiēbāmur capiēbāmin ī capiēbantur audiēbar audiēbāris audiēbātur audiēbāmur audiēbāmin ī audiēbantur

17. 4. The passive voice: future FUTURE INDICATIVE ACTIVE amō, amāremoneō, monēre vincō, vincerecapiō, capereaudiō, audīre amābō amābis amābit amābimus amābitis amābunt monēbō monēbis monēbit monēbimus monēbitis monēbunt vincam vincēs vincet vincēmus vincētis vincent capiam capiēs capiet capiēmus capiētis capient audiam audiēs audiet audiēmus audiētis audient FUTURE INDICATIVE PASSIVE amō, amāremoneō, monēre vincō, vincere capiō, capere audiō, audīre amābor amāberis amābitur amābimur amābimin ī amābuntur monēbor monēberis monēbitur monēbimur monēbimin ī monēbuntur vincar vincēris vincētur vincēmur vincēmin ī vincentur capiar capiēris capiētur capiēmur capiēmin ī capientur aud īa r audiēris audiētur audiēmur audiēmin ī audientur

18. 4. The passive voice: infinitive 5. The ablative of agent PRESENT INFINITIVE PASSIVE 1 st conj.2 nd conj.3 rd conj.3 rd -io4 th conj. amārī, to be loved parārī, to be prepared docērī, to be taught vidērī, to be seen, to seem regī, to be ruled pōnī, to be placed, put capī, to be taken rapī, to be seized audīrī, to be heard fīnīrī, to be finished To express by what/whom a passive verb is done, Latin uses: -for animate nouns: ā/ab + ablative ( ablative of agent ) -for things: ablative of means/instrument w/no preposition *when you see ā/ab + ablative with an inanimate noun in a passive sentence, it probably isn't an ablative of agent!

19. 4. The passive voice CIL 6.20128, 4; By Roman Hands n. 24: quid: why? tam: so Maximus, -ī, m.: Maximus (a name) ēripio, ēripere, ēripui, ēreptus: to snatch/tear/take away QUID MIHI TAM SUBITO MAXIMUS ĒRIPITUR?

20. Cicero’s In Catilinam II.1 “Nulla iam pernicies a monstro illo atque prodigio moenibus ipsis intra moenia comparabitur… Non enim tam inter latera nostra sica illa versabitur.” pernicies, perniciēi f.: destruction, overthrow monstrum, -ī n.: monster prodigium, -ī n.: prodigy, portent, monster moenia, -ium n. (3 rd decl., usu. pl): walls comparō, comparāre: prepare latus, lateris n.: side (of body) sīca, -ae: dagger